List of solar thermal power stations

Not to be confused with List of photovoltaic power stations.

This is a list of the largest facilities generating electricity through the use of solar thermal power, specifically concentrated solar power.

The PS10 solar thermal power station.

Operational

Operational solar thermal power stations (of at least 50 MW capacity)

Name	Country	Location	Coordinates	Electrical capacity (MW)	Commissioning	Technology type	Storage hours	Notes and references
Mohammed bin Rashid Al Maktoum Solar Park Phase IV	United Arab Emirates	Dubai	24.7547°N 55.365°E / 24.7547; 55.365 (DEWA solar power park)	700	2023	Parabolic trough, solar tower	15	600 MW parabolic trough and 100MW solar tower commissioned.[1][2][3]
Noor / Ouarzazate Solar Power Station	Morocco	Ghassate (Ouarzazate province)	30°59′40″N 6°51′48″W	510		Parabolic trough and solar power tower (Phase 3)	3 / 7 / 7.5	160 MW Phase 1 with 3 hours heat storage.[4][5] 200 MW phase 2 with 7 hours heat storage is online from January 2018.[6][7] 150 MW (Phase 3) with 7.5 hours storage is online from November 2018[8][9]
Ivanpah Solar Power Facility	US	San Bernardino County, California	35°34′N 115°28′W	392	2014	Solar power tower		Completed on February 13, 2014[10][11][12]
Mojave Solar Project	US	Barstow, California	35°00′40″N 117°19′30″W	280		Parabolic trough		Completed December 2014. Gross capacity of 280 MW corresponds to net capacity of 250 MW[13][14][15]
Solana Generating Station	US	Gila Bend, Arizona	32°55′N 112°58′W	280	October 2013	Parabolic trough	6	[16][17]
Genesis Solar Energy Project	US	Blythe, California	33°38′37.68″N 114°59′16.8″W	280	24 April 2014	Parabolic trough		[18][19][20]
Solaben Solar Power Station[21]	Spain	Logrosán	39°13′29″N 5°23′26″W	200	June 2012	Parabolic trough		Solaben 3 completed June 2012[22] Solaben 2 completed October 2012[22] Solaben 1 and 6 completed September 2013[23]
Solar Energy Generating Systems (SEGS)	US	Mojave Desert, California	35°01′54″N 117°20′53″W	160	1984	Parabolic trough		Originally collection of 9 units 1984–1990[24][25][26][27][28][29][30][31][32] with 354 MW. Seven units were decommissioned and replaced by solar PV.
Solnova Solar Power Station	Spain	Sanlúcar la Mayor	37°25′00″N 06°17′20″W	150	May 2010	Parabolic trough		Solnova 1 completed May 2010 Solnova 3 completed May 2010 Solnova 4 completed August 2010[33][34][35][36][37]
Andasol solar power station	Spain	Guadix	37°13′42.70″N 3°4′6.73″W	150	2008	Parabolic trough	7.5	Completed: Andasol 1 (2008), Andasol 2 (2009), Andasol 3 (2011). Each equipped with a 7.5 hour thermal energy storage.[38][39]
Extresol Solar Power Station	Spain	Torre de Miguel Sesmero	38°39′N 6°44′W	150	2010	Parabolic trough	7.5	Completed: Extresol 1 and 2 (2010), Extresol 3 (2012). Each equipped with a 7.5-hour thermal energy storage.[22][40][41]
Dhursar	India	Dhursar, Jaisalmer district	26°47′09″N 72°00′30″E	125	November 2014	Fresnel reflector		[42][43][44][45]
Ashalim Power Station (Negev Energy)	Israel	Ashalim	30°57′N 34°42′E	121		Parabolic trough	4.5	4.5h heat storage. Completed August 2019 and located in Negev desert[46]
Megalim Power Station (Negev Energy)	Israel	Ashalim	30°56′N 34°43′E	121		Solar power tower		Completed April 2019 and located in Negev desert[47][48][49]
Crescent Dunes Solar Energy Project	US	Nye County, Nevada	38°14′N 117°22′W	110		Solar power tower	10	With 10h heat storage; commercial operation began September 2015,[50][51] mothballed since May 2019[52]
Cerro Dominador Solar Thermal Plant (Atacama 1)	Chile	María Elena, Antofagasta	22.77191°S 69.47994°W / -22.77191; -69.47994 (Cerro Dominador Solar Thermal Plant)	110		Solar power tower	17.5	Completed April 2021, with 17.5h heat storage[53][54]
Shouhang Dunhuang	China	Dunhuang (Gansu Province)	40°3′41″N 94°25′37″E	110		Solar power tower	15 / 7.5	Phase I compleded in 2016,[55] Phase II with 7.5h heat storage. Operational since end of December 2018[56]
Kathu Solar Park	South Africa	Northern Cape	27°31′59.67″S 23°8′10.56″E	100		Parabolic trough	4.5	Completed February 2018, with 4.5h heat storage[57][58][59][60][61]
KaXu Solar One	South Africa	Pofadder, Northern Cape	28°53′40.56″S 19°35′53.52″E	100		Parabolic trough	2.5	With 2.5h heat storage[62][63][64]
Xina Solar One	South Africa	Pofadder, Northern Cape	28°53′40.56″S 19°35′53.52″E	100		Parabolic trough	5.5	Commissioned in September 2017 with 5.5h heat storage[65]
Manchasol Power Station	Spain	Alcázar de San Juan	39°11′N 3°18′W	100		Parabolic trough	7.5	Manchasol 1 and 2 completed in 2011, each with 7.5h heat storage[22]
Valle Solar Power Station	Spain	San José del Valle	36°39′N 5°50′W	100		Parabolic trough	7.5	Completed December 2011, with 7.5h heat storage[22][66]
Helioenergy Solar Power Station	Spain	Écija	37°34′43″N 5°9′24″W	100		Parabolic trough		Helioenergy 1 completed September 2011[67][68] Helioenergy 2 completed January 2012[22][67][68]
Aste Solar Power Station	Spain	Alcázar de San Juan	39°10′22″N 3°15′58″W	100		Parabolic trough	8	Aste 1A Completed January 2012, with 8h heat storage[22] Aste 1B Completed January 2012, with 8h heat storage[22]
Solacor Solar Power Station	Spain	El Carpio	37°54′54″N 4°30′9″W	100		Parabolic trough		Solacor 1 completed February 2012[22] Solacor 2 completed March 2012[22][69]
Helios Solar Power Station	Spain	Puerto Lápice	39°14′24″N 3°28′12″W	100		Parabolic trough		Helios 1 completed May 2012[22] Helios 2 completed August 2012[22]
Shams solar power station	UAE	Abu Dhabi Madinat Zayed	23°34′N 53°42′E	100		Parabolic trough		Shams 1 completed March 2013 [70][71]
Termosol Solar Power Station	Spain	Navalvillar de Pela		100		Parabolic trough		Both Termosol 1 and 2 completed in 2013[22]
Palma del Río I & II	Spain	Palma del Río	37°38′42.56″N 5°15′29.32″W	100		Parabolic trough		Palma del Rio 2 completed December 2010[22] Palma del Rio 1 completed July 2011[22]
Ilanga 1	South Africa	Northern Cape (Upington)	28°29′25.79″S 21°32′27.13″E	100		Parabolic trough	5	With 5h heat storage. Operational since 2018[72]
CSNP Royal Tech Urat CSP	China	Urat Middle Banner, Inner Mongolia		100		Parabolic trough	10	Completed in January 2020 with 10 hours of thermal storage [73][74][75]
Martin Next Generation Solar Energy Center	US	Indiantown, Florida	27°03′11″N 80°33′00″W	75		ISCC with parabolic trough		Completed December 2010[76]
Nevada Solar One	US	Boulder City, Nevada	35°48.0′N 114°58.6′W	75		Parabolic trough		Operational since 2007
Dacheng Dunhuang CSP	China	Dunhuang, Gansu Province		60		Fresnel reflector	16 / 15	10 MW Phase 1 completed in 2016,[77] 50 MW Phase 2 in December 2019 with 15 hours of thermal storage[73][78]
Supcon Solar Delingha	China	Delingha	37°22′13″N 97°16′56″E	60		Solar power tower	2 / 7	10 MW Phase 1 completed in 2013, Phase 2 completed in December 2018 with 7 hours of thermal energy storage[79][78]
Guzmán	Spain	Palma del Río	37°38′N 5°15′W	50		Parabolic trough		Completed July 2012[22]
Khi Solar One	South Africa	Upington	28°33′0.36″S 21°5′5.28″E	50		Solar power tower	2	Completed Feb 2016 With 2h heat storage[62][63]
Bokpoort	South Africa	Groblershoop	28°43′26.96″S 21°59′34.88″E	50		Parabolic trough	9	With 9h heat storage[80][81]
Puertollano Solar Thermal Power Plant	Spain	Puertollano, Ciudad Real	38°39′N 3°58′W	50		Parabolic trough		Completed May 2009[82]
Alvarado I	Spain	Badajoz	38°49′37″N 06°49′34″W	50		Parabolic trough		Completed July 2009[83][84][85]
La Florida	Spain	Alvarado (Badajoz)		50		Parabolic trough		Completed July 2010[22][86]
Arenales PS	Spain	Morón de la Frontera (Seville)		50		Parabolic trough[22][87][88]		2013
Casablanca	Spain	Talarrubias		50		Parabolic trough[22]		2013
Majadas de Tiétar	Spain	Caceres	39°58′10″N 5°44′32″W	50		Parabolic trough		Completed August 2010[22][89]
La Dehesa	Spain	La Garrovilla (Badajoz)	38°57′35″N 6°27′50″W	50		Parabolic trough		Completed November 2010[22]
Lebrija-1	Spain	Lebrija		50		Parabolic trough		Completed July 2011[22][90]
Astexol 2	Spain	Badajoz	38°48′42″N 7°3′36″W	50		Parabolic trough	7.5	Completed November 2011, with 7.5h thermal energy storage[22][87]
Morón	Spain	Morón de la Frontera	37°7′11.24″N 5°33′50.45″W	50		Parabolic trough		Completed May 2012[22]
La Africana	Spain	Posada		50		Parabolic trough	7.5	Completed July 2012, with 7.5h thermal energy storage[22]
Olivenza 1	Spain	Olivenza	38°45′18.73″N 7°8′40.42″W	50		Parabolic trough		Completed July 2012[22]
Orellana	Spain	Orellana la Vieja	39°1′17.6″N 5°31′57.4″W	50		Parabolic trough		Completed August 2012[22]
Godawari Green Energy Limited	India	Nokh Village, Rajasthan	27°36′01″N 72°13′25″E	50		Parabolic trough		2013[91][92][93]
Enerstar Villena Power Plant	Spain	Villena	38°43′41.51″N 0°55′18.23″W	50		Parabolic trough		Completed 2013[22][94]
Megha Solar Plant	India	Anantapur	14°56′47″N 77°41′15″E	50		Parabolic trough		Completed 2014[95][96]
Delingha Solar Plant	China	Delingha	37°22′13″N 97°16′56″E	50		Parabolic trough	9	Completed July 2018 with 9 hours of thermal energy storage[97]
Shagaya CSP	Kuwait	Shagaya	29°13′41″N 47°03′45″E	50		Parabolic trough	10	Commercial operation started in February 2019, 10 hours thermal storage[98][99]
Waad Al Shamal ISCC Plant	Saudi Arabia	Waad Al Shamal	31°39′37″N 38°51′29″E	50		ISCC with parabolic trough		Commercial operation started in 2018, 1,390 MW plant with 50 MW solar[100]
Qinghai Gonghe CSP	China	Gonghe, Qinghai Province	36°06′08″N 100°37′30″E	50		Solar power tower	6	Completed in September 2019, with 6 h heat storage.[73][101]
Luneng Haixi CSP	China	Haixi Zhou, Qinghai Sheng		50		Solar power tower	12	Completed in September 2019 with 12 hours of thermal energy storage[73][78]
Hami CSP	China	Hami, Xinjiang Autonomous Region		50		Solar power tower	13	Completed in September 2019 with 13 hours of thermal energy storage[73][78]
Yumen Xinneng CSP	China	Yumen, Gansu Province		50	2020	Beam down tower	9	[102][103][104]

Solar thermal power stations

• 
  Part of the 354 MW SEGS solar complex in San Bernardino, California, United States.
• 
  The PS10 and PS20 solar power plant near Seville, in Andalusia, Spain.
• 
  The Ivanpah solar project in San Bernardino, California, United States.
• 
  The Andasol Solar Power Station, Spain, uses a molten salt thermal energy storage to generate electricity, even when the sun isn't shining.
• 
  Parts of the Solnova Solar Power Station in the foreground. The two towers of the PS10 and PS20 solar power stations can be seen in the background.

Under construction

Solar thermal power stations under construction (of at least 50 MW capacity)

Name	Country	Location	Co-ordinates	Electrical capacity (MW)	Expected completion	Technology	Notes
Golmud CSP	China	Golmud, Qinghai province		200		Power tower	[73]
Shouhang Yumen CSP	China	Yumen, Gansu Province		100		Solar power tower	[105][106]
Redstone Solar Thermal Power	South Africa	Northern Cape	28°17′53″S 23°21′56″E	100	2023	Solar power tower	12h heat storage[107][108][109][110]
Erdos Solar Power Plant	China	Hanggin Banner		50		Parabolic trough	[111]
Gansu Akesai CSP	China	Akesai, Gansu Province		50	?	Parabolic trough	15h storage[73][112]
Rayspower Yumen CSP	China	Yumen, Gansu Province		50	?	Parabolic trough	[102][73]

Announced

Solar thermal power stations announced

Name	Country	Location	Coordinates	Electrical capacity (MW)	Technology	Notes
Noor Midelt II	Morocco	Morocco	32°40′51″N 04°43′59″W	230		[113]
Noor Midelt I	Morocco	Morocco	32°40′51″N 04°43′59″W	200	Hybrid solar power with combination of 600 MW solar PV and 200 MW solar thermal with 5h heat storage	[114][115]
Tamarugal Solar Project	Chile	Atacama Desert, Chile		450	Three solar power towers with 13h heat storage	[116]
Likana Solar Project	Chile	Antofagasta		390	Three solar power towers with 13h heat storage[117]
Copiapó Solar Project	Chile	Atacama Desert, Chile		260	Solar power tower PV integrated. With 14h heat storage	[118]
Solnova 2, 4–5	Spain	Sevilla	37°25′00″N 06°17′20″W	100	Parabolic trough with heat storage	[119]
Gulang CSP	China	Wuwei, Gansu Province		100	Parabolic trough	[73][74]
Golden Tower CSP	China	Jinta, Gansu Province		100	Power tower	[73]
Mashhad solar-thermal power station	Iran	Mashhad, Iran		72	Parabolic dish with tracer system	[120]
Chabei CSP	China	Chabei, Hebei Province		64	Parabolic trough	[73]
Al-Abdaliya	Kuwait	??		60	Parabolic trough	[121]
AZ 20	Spain	Sevilla		50	Solar power tower	[119][73]
Shangyi CSP	China	Shangyi, Hebei Province		50	Power tower	[73]
Zhangjiakou CSP	China	Zhangbei, Hebei Province		50	Fresnel reflector	[73]

Cancelled

Solar thermal power stations cancelled

Name	Country	Location	Coordinates	Electrical capacity (MW)	Technology	Notes
Sandstone Solar Energy Project	US	Nye County, Nevada	37°54′00″N 116°42′00″W	1,600	solar power tower	8 units with 10h heat storage[122]
Blythe Solar Power Project	US	Blythe, California		1,000	Parabolic trough	4 units, converted to 485 MW PV[123]
Stirling Energy Systems Solar One Project	US	San Bernardino County, California		850	Dish Stirling	converted to 618 MW PV, license terminated 27 August 2013[124]
Stirling Energy Systems Solar Two Project	US	Imperial County, California		750	Dish Stirling	converted to 594 MW PV[125]
Palen Solar Power Project	US	Riverside County, California		500	Parabolic trough	2 units, certification expired 15 December 2015[126]
Ridgecrest Solar Power Project	US	Kern County, California		250	Parabolic trough	2 units, license terminated 22 April 2014[127]
Luz SEGS XI-XII Project	US	San Bernardino County, California		160	Parabolic trough	license expired 22 September 1989[128]
Aurora Solar Thermal Power Project	Australia	Port Augusta, South Australia	32.2°S 137.6°E / -32.2; 137.6 (Aurora Solar Thermal Power Project)	150	solar power tower	[129]
El Reboso 2+3	Spain	La Puebla del Rio (Seville)		100		Parabolic trough[130][131]
SCE Solar 100	US	Johnson Valley, California		100	Solar power tower	license expired 1983[132]
Diwakar	India	Askandra		100	Parabolic trough	2014, Parabolic trough with 3h heat storage[133]
KVK Energy Solar Project	India	Askandra		100	Parabolic trough	2014, Parabolic trough with 4h heat storage[134]

Decommissioned

• Eurelios pilot plant, a 1 MW, power tower design in Adrano, Sicily, operational 1981–1987^[135]
• Solar One pilot plant, operational 1982–1986; converted into Solar Two, operational 1995–1999; site demolished 2009 – USA California, 10 MW, power tower design
• SES-5 – USSR, 5 MW, power tower design, water / Steam, service period 1985–1989^[136]
• Maricopa Solar – USA Peoria, Arizona, 1.5 MW dish stirling SES / Tessera Solar's first commercial-scale Dish Stirling power plant. Completed January 2010,^[137] decommissioned September 2011 and sold to CondiSys Solar Technology of China in April 2012.^[138][139]

Largest plants by technology

Largest operational Solar Thermal Power Stations by technology

Technology type		Name	Country	Location	Coordinates	Capacity MW	Notes and references
Solar power tower	without thermal storage	Ivanpah Solar Power Facility	US	San Bernardino County, California	35°34′N 115°28′W	392	Completed on February 13, 2014[10][11][12] The station uses natural gas as supplementary fuel.
	with thermal storage	Ouarzazate Solar Power Station	Morocco	Ghassate (Ouarzazate province)	30°59′40″N 6°51′48″W	510
Parabolic trough	without thermal storage	Solar Energy Generating Systems (SEGS)	US	Mojave Desert, California	35°01′54″N 117°20′53″W	310	Collection of 9 units[24][25][26][27][28][29][30][31][32] The station has gas firing facility to run the units during night time.
	with thermal storage	Mohammed bin Rashid Al Maktoum Solar Park	United Arab Emirates	Dubai	24.7547°N 55.365°E / 24.7547; 55.365 (DEWA solar power park)	600	15 hours heat storage. The biggest solar thermal power station with total capacity 700 MW. 600 MW parabolic trough and 100MW solar tower power station.[1]
ISCC with parabolic trough		Martin Next Generation Solar Energy Center	US	Indiantown, Florida	27°03′11″N 80°33′00″W	75	Completed December 2010[76] Basically combined cycle power plant running on natural gas. Solar energy is supplemented to reduce the natural gas consumption for the same station output.
Fresnel reflector without thermal storage		Dhursar	India	Dhursar, Jaisalmer district	26°47′N 72°00′E	100	Completed November 2014, referred as 125 MW is some sources[42][43][44][45]
Dish Stirling							No utility scale installastions currently operational, 1.5MW Maricopa Solar was largest

See also

• Renewable energy portal
• Energy portal

• Concentrated solar power
• List of concentrating solar thermal power companies
• List of energy storage projects
• List of large wind farms
• List of largest power stations in the world
• List of photovoltaic power stations
• Plataforma Solar de Almería
• Renewable energy commercialization
• Renewable energy industry
• Solar power by country
• Solar power in China
• Solar power plants in the Mojave Desert
• Solar thermal energy
• Solar Turbine Plants

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Further reading

• Clean Tech Nation: How the U.S. Can Lead in the New Global Economy (2012) by Ron Pernick and Clint Wilder
• Deploying Renewables 2011 (2011) by the International Energy Agency
• Reinventing Fire: Bold Business Solutions for the New Energy Era (2011) by Amory Lovins
• Renewable Energy Sources and Climate Change Mitigation (2011) by the IPCC
• Solar Energy Perspectives (2011) by the International Energy Agency
• Energy Transition in Metropolises, Rural Areas and Deserts (2020) by Wiley

External links

• CSP World
• CSP plants and projects plotted on Google Earth
• National Renewable Energy Laboratories list of US Solar Trough Plants