Loading AI tools
Integer number 4 From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
4 (four) is a number, numeral and digit. It is the natural number following 3 and preceding 5. It is a square number, the smallest semiprime and composite number, and is considered unlucky in many East Asian cultures.
This section needs additional citations for verification. (May 2024) |
Brahmic numerals represented 1, 2, and 3 with as many lines. 4 was simplified by joining its four lines into a cross that looks like the modern plus sign. The Shunga would add a horizontal line on top of the digit, and the Kshatrapa and Pallava evolved the digit to a point where the speed of writing was a secondary concern. The Arabs' 4 still had the early concept of the cross, but for the sake of efficiency, was made in one stroke by connecting the "western" end to the "northern" end; the "eastern" end was finished off with a curve. The Europeans dropped the finishing curve and gradually made the digit less cursive, ending up with a digit very close to the original Brahmin cross.[1]
While the shape of the character for the digit 4 has an ascender in most modern typefaces, in typefaces with text figures the glyph usually has a descender, as, for example, in .
On the seven-segment displays of pocket calculators and digital watches, as well as certain optical character recognition fonts, 4 is seen with an open top: .[2]
Television stations that operate on channel 4 have occasionally made use of another variation of the "open 4", with the open portion being on the side, rather than the top. This version resembles the Canadian Aboriginal syllabics letter ᔦ. The magnetic ink character recognition "CMC-7" font also uses this variety of "4".[3]
Four is the smallest composite number, its proper divisors being 1 and 2.[4] Four is the sum and product of two with itself: , the only non-zero number such that . Four is also the smallest and only even squared prime number . Also,
There are four elementary arithmetic operations in mathematics: addition (+), subtraction (−), multiplication (×), and division (÷).
Each natural number divisible by 4 is a difference of squares of two natural numbers, i.e. .[citation needed] A number is a multiple of 4 if its last two digits are a multiple of 4 (for example, 1092 is a multiple of 4 because 92 = 4 × 23).[6]
Lagrange's four-square theorem states that every positive integer can be written as the sum of at most four square numbers.[7] Three are not always sufficient; 7 for instance cannot be written as the sum of three squares.[8]
Four is one of four all-Harshad numbers.
A four-sided plane figure is a quadrilateral or quadrangle, sometimes also called a tetragon. It can be further classified as a rectangle or oblong, kite, rhombus, and square.
Four is the highest degree general polynomial equation for which there is a solution in radicals.[9]
The four-color theorem states that a planar graph (or, equivalently, a flat map of two-dimensional regions such as countries) can be colored using four colors, so that adjacent vertices (or regions) are always different colors.[10] Three colors are not, in general, sufficient to guarantee this.[11] The largest planar complete graph has four vertices.[12]
A solid figure with four faces as well as four vertices is a tetrahedron, which is the smallest possible number of faces and vertices a polyhedron can have.[13] The regular tetrahedron, also called a 3-simplex, is the simplest Platonic solid.[14] It has four regular triangles as faces that are themselves at dual positions with the vertices of another tetrahedron.[15] Tetrahedra can be inscribed inside all other four Platonic solids, and tessellate space alongside the regular octahedron in the alternated cubic honeycomb.
The smallest non-cyclic group has four elements; it is the Klein four-group.[16] An alternating groups are not simple for values ≤ .
There are four Hopf fibrations of hyperspheres:
They are defined as locally trivial fibrations that map for values of (aside from the trivial fibration mapping between two points and a circle).[17]
The unit (1) is the fourth distinct entry in the continued fraction for pi (), by order of appearances of entries.[18]
Exponentiation | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 | 13 | 14 | 15 | 16 |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
4x | 4 | 16 | 64 | 256 | 1024 | 4096 | 16384 | 65536 | 262144 | 1048576 | 4194304 | 16777216 | 67108864 | 268435456 | 1073741824 | 4294967296 |
x4 | 1 | 16 | 81 | 256 | 625 | 1296 | 2401 | 4096 | 6561 | 10000 | 14641 | 20736 | 28561 | 38416 | 50625 | 65536 |
Seamless Wikipedia browsing. On steroids.
Every time you click a link to Wikipedia, Wiktionary or Wikiquote in your browser's search results, it will show the modern Wikiwand interface.
Wikiwand extension is a five stars, simple, with minimum permission required to keep your browsing private, safe and transparent.