Neurodegenerativna bolest

Neuroegenerativna bolest je posljedica kontinuiranog procesa zasnovanog na degenerativnim promjenama ćelija, koje zahvataju tkiva ili organi, koji će se vremenom sve više pogoršavati.^[2]

Neurodegenerativna bolest
Normalan mozak (lijevo) u poređenju sa strukturnim promjenama prikazanim u mozgu osobe s Alzheimerovom bolešću, najčešćom neurodegenrativnom bolešću (desno).[1]
Specijalnost	Neurologija, psihijatrija

Kod neurodegenerativnih bolesti, ćelije centralnog nervnog sistema prestaju da rade ili umiru putem neurodegeneracija. Primjer za to je Alzheimerova bolest.^[3] Druge dvije uobičajene grupe degenerativnih bolesti su one koje pogađaju cirkulacijski sistem (npr. koronarne arterijske bolesti) i neoplazijske bolesti (npr. kancer)i.^[2]

Postoje mnoge degenerativne bolesti, a neke su povezane sa starenjem. Normalno tjelesno ponašanje ili izbor načina života (kao što su vježbanje ili prehrambene navike) mogu pogoršati degenerativne bolesti, ali to ovisi o bolesti.^[2] Ponekad je glavni ili djelimični uzrok takvih bolesti genetički.^[4] Stoga su neki očito nasljedni kao Huntingtonova bolest.^[5] Ponekad su uzrok virusi, otrovi ili druge hemikalije. Uzrok također može biti nepoznat.^[4]

Neke degenerativne bolesti mogu se izliječiti, ali ne uvijek. Još uvijek je moguće ublažavanje simptoma.^[2]

Primjeri

• Alzheimerova bolest (AD)^[6]
• Amiotrofna lateralna skleroza^[6] (ALS, Lou Gehrigova bolest)
• Kanceri^[2]
• Charcot–Marie–Toothova bolest (CMT)^[7]
• Hronična traumatska encefalopatija^[8]
• Cistasta fibroza^[9]
• Nedostaci nekih citohrom c-oksidaza (često uzrokiju degenerativni Leighov sindrom)^[10]
• Ehlers–Danlosov sindrom^[11]
• Fibrodisplasia ossificans progressiva
• Friedreichova ataksija^[12]
• Čeonosljepoočna demencija (FTD)^[13]
• Neke kardiovaskularne bolesti (npr. aterosklerotske kao koronarna bolest, aortna stenoza itd.)^[14]
• Huntingtonova bolest^[5]
• Dojenačka neuroaksonska distrofija^[15]
• Keratokonus (KC)^[16]
• Keratoglobus^[17]
• Leukodistrofije^[18]
• Degeneracija žute mrlje (AMD)^[19]
• Marfanov sindrom (MFS)^[20]
• Neke mitohondrijske miopatije^[21]
• Sindrom osiromašivanja mitohondrijske DNK^[22]
• Multipla skleroza (MS)^[23]
• Multiplosistemska atrofija^[24]
• Mišićne distrofije (MD)^[25]
• Neuronska ceroidna lipofuscinoza^[26]
• Niemann–Pickove bolesti^[27]
• Osteoartritis^[28]
• Osteoporoza^[28]
• Parkinsonova bolest^[6]
• Plućna arterijska hipertenzija^[29]
• Sve prionske bolesti (Creutzfeldt-Jakobova bolest, fatalna porodična nesanica itd.)^[6]
• Progresivna suprajezgarna paraliza^[30]
• Retinitis pigmentosa (RP)^[31]
• Reumatoidni artritis^[32]
• Sandhoffova bolest^[33]
• Spinalna mišićna atrofija (SMA, bolest motornih neurona)^[34]
• Subakutni sklerozirajući panencefalitis^[35]
• Poremećaj upotrebe supstanci^[36]
• Tay–Sachsova bolest^[33]
• Vaskularna demencija (možda sama po sebi nije neurodegenerativna, ali se često pojavljuje uz druge oblike degenerativne demencije)^[37]

Također pogledajte

• Produženje života
• Starenje
• Progresivna bolest
• Lista genetičkih poremećaja

Reference

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