铁的熔点、沸点和原子化焓(英语:enthalpy of atomization)都低于早期的3d元素——钪到铬,显示3d电子对金属键的贡献随着原子核越来越大而被吸引而减少。[14]然而,锰的这些数据都低于铁,因为它具有半充满的3d亚电子层,因此d电子不容易离域。这个现象也出现在钌中,但没有出现在锇中。[8]
铁有四种稳定同位素,分别是54Fe(丰度5.845%)、56Fe(91.754%)、57Fe(2.119%)和58Fe(0.282%)。铁除了这些稳定同位素以外还有24种人造同位素。稳定同位素中只有57Fe有自旋(−1⁄2)。54Fe理论上可以双电子捕获(英语:double electron capture)成54Cr,但该过程仍未被观察到,半衰期下限4.4×1020年。[20]
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