马鲛属(学名:Scomberomorus),又稱馬加鰆屬,通称馬加鰆、马鲛鱼、马交鱼、马加鱼、鰆魚、鲅鱼、竹鲛、梭齒魚;属鲭形目(或传统鱸形目)鯖科海鱼。
特征
马鲛鱼身体延长,一般长为25至50厘米,体重300至1000克,最大可达一米左右,体重达到4.5千克以上。身体银灰色,具有暗色横纹,肋下有7-8个灰色斑点;吻尖突,口大斜裂,牙齿偏侧,似刀刃般锋利,上下颌各一行;鱼鳞细小或退化;背鳍2个,第2背鳍及臀鳍后部各具有7-9个小鳍。
习性
分布
分布于北太平洋西部、产于东海、黄海、渤海和南海。在产区,以大洲岛海域出产的马鲛鱼为佳。
食用
- 烤马鲛鱼:为中國古时宫廷料理,被美食家誉为“仙界美食”,自古以来就备受宠爱。
- 鲅鱼肉馅饺子:中国渤海湾沿岸地区常见的食品。
臺灣人重視此魚類,列為十大美味魚類之一,稱一鯃、二紅魦、三鯧、四馬鮫、五鮸、六嘉鱲、七赤鯮、八馬頭、九烏喉、十寸子[2]。
下属物种
本属包括以下物种:
- Scomberomorus avirostrus Abdussamad, Toji, Margaret, Mini, Rajesh, Azeez, Vinothkumar, Retheesh, Abbas, Shihab, Sneha, Prathibha & Gopalakrishnan, 2023[4]
- Scomberomorus avitus Bannikov, 1985
- Scomberomorus bleekeri (Storms, 1892)
- 巴西馬鮫 Scomberomorus brasilensis Collette et al., 1978
- Scomberomorus brasiliensis Collette, Russo & Zavala-Camin, 1978
- 大耳馬鮫 Scomberomorus cavalla (Cuvier, 1829)
- 康氏馬鮫 Scomberomorus commerson (Lacepède, 1800),康氏馬加鰆
- 美洲馬鮫 Scomberomorus concolor (Lockington, 1879)
- 斑點馬鮫 Scomberomorus guttatus (Bloch & Schneider, 1801),台灣馬加鰆
- 朝鮮馬鮫 Scomberomorus koreanus (Kishinouye, 1915),高麗馬加鰆
- 線紋馬鮫 Scomberomorus lineolatus (Cuvier, 1829)
- 橢斑馬鮫 Scomberomorus maculatus (Mitchill, 1815)
- 巴布亞馬鮫 Scomberomorus multiradiatus Munro, 1964
- Scomberomorus munroi Collette & Russo, 1980
- 澳洲馬鮫 Scomberomorus munroi Spotty
- Scomberomorus munroi x Scomberomorus semifasciatus
- Scomberomorus munroi x semifasciatus
- 藍點馬鮫 Scomberomorus niphonius (Cuvier, 1832),日本馬加鰆
- Scomberomorus orientalis Lacepede
- 南非馬鮫 Scomberomorus plurilineatus Fourmanoir, 1966
- Scomberomorus priscus Casier, 1966
- 昆士蘭馬鮫 Scomberomorus queenslandicus Munro, 1943
- 條斑馬鮫 Scomberomorus regalis (Bloch, 1793)
- Scomberomorus saevus Bannikov, 1982
- 半線馬鮫 Scomberomorus semifasciatus (Macleay, 1883)
- 東太平洋馬鮫 Scomberomorus sierra Jordan & Starks, 1895
- 中華馬鮫 Scomberomorus sinensis (Lacepède, 1800),中華馬加鰆
- 西非馬鮫 Scomberomorus tritor (Cuvier, 1832)
- 归入本属的物种:
- Cybium bartonense Woodward, 1901
- Cybium excelsum Woodward, 1901
- Cybium loczyi Weiler, 1938
- Cybium macropomum (Agassiz, 1839)
- Cybium mertensii Cuvier, 1832
- Cybium stormsi (Leriche, 1905)
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