HPAI A(H5N1)[註 2]是一種專門感染鳥類並具有高度致病性的H5N1菌株,常在各地的鳥類族群間造成H5N1禽流感(英語:transmission and infection of H5N1)的地方性流行病,特別是在東南亞地區。此種HPAI A(H5N1)的亞洲品系目前已經散播到全球,並在動物族群內及不同物種間流行,造成數千萬鳥類因病死亡,同時養殖業為了控制疫情也撲殺了數千萬隻鳥類。多數的媒體直接將HPAI A(H5N1)稱為禽流感,多數報導的H5N1疫情也都是由HPAI A(H5N1)造成[228][229]。
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