採用自由放養方式,特別是在飼養肉牛,也是導致熱帶森林遭到砍伐的原因之一,因為此方式需要用到大量土地。[13]畜牧業是導致亞馬遜雨林遭受砍伐的主要驅動力(參見亞馬遜雨林砍伐(英語:Deforestation of the Amazon rainforest)),由此取得的土地中約80%用於養牛。[58][59]而自1970年以來,當地91%的森林砍伐所得土地被用於養牛。[22][23]研究認為轉向無肉飲食可為養活不斷增長的人口提供安全的選擇,而無需進一步砍伐森林,且在不同的產量情景下皆適用。[60]根據糧農組織的資料,在旱地放牧牲畜"可移除植被,包括乾燥和易燃的植物,並激活儲存於土壤中的生物質,提高肥力。畜牧業是創造和維持特定棲息地和綠色基礎設施、為其他物種提供資源和傳播種子的關鍵因素。"[61]
噴灑糞漿和隨水漂流的豬糞,其內容物已被證明會引起黏膜刺激、[223]呼吸系統疾病、[224]壓力增加、[225]生活品質下降[226]和血壓升高。[227]養豬場造成的環境惡化帶來環境不公義問題,因為社區沒有從養豬場中獲得任何利益,反而遭受污染和健康問題等負面影響。[228]FAO的動物畜養與健康部(Animal Production and Health Division)表示,"飼養生豬對環境的主要直接性影響與豬隻排放的糞便有關聯"。[229]
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