上述的一些,特別是假鱗和尾狀物,可以完全或部分地在地上發生。還發現了上述中間體和組合,使分類變得困難。作為中間體的一個例子,'仙客來'的塊莖來自幼苗的莖,其形成成熟植物的根和莖的交界處。在一些物種中,根係來自塊莖的底部,這表明它是一種莖塊莖,其他根系主要來自塊莖頂部,這表明它是一種塊莖。[5] As an example of a combination, juno irises have both bulbs and storage roots.[6]
The underground storage organ itself is sometimes called a geophyte, but this is not the original usage of the term in the Raunkiær plant life-form classification.
Raunkiær, Christen, The life forms of plants and statistical plant geography, trans. Gilbert-Carter, H.; Fausbøll, A. & Tansley, A.G., Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1934, OCLC 4300750; reprinted (1977) in History of ecology series, New York: Arno Press, ISBN978-0-405-10418-3
Köhlein, Fritz, Iris, translated by M.C. Peters from German original published in 1981, London: Christopher Helm, 1987, ISBN 978-0-7470-1803-2, pp. 257ff.
Information in this section taken from Innes, Clive & Wall, Bill, Cacti, Succulents and Bromeliads, London: Cassell Educational (for Royal Horticultural Society), 1995, ISBN 978-0-304-32076-9, pp. 75–6
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