嚴重急性呼吸道症候群相關冠狀病毒

「SARS-CoV」的各地常用譯名
「SARS-CoV」的各地常用譯名
中國大陸	嚴重急性呼吸窘迫綜合徵相關病毒
臺灣	嚴重急性呼吸道症候群相關冠狀病毒
港澳	嚴重急性呼吸系統綜合症相關冠狀病毒

嚴重急性呼吸系統綜合症相關冠狀病毒
病毒分類
（未分級）：	病毒 Virus
域：	核糖病毒域 Riboviria
界：	正核糖病毒界 Orthornavirae
門：	小核糖病毒門 Pisuviricota
綱：	小南嵌套病毒綱 Pisoniviricetes
目：	套式病毒目 Nidovirales
科：	冠狀病毒科 Coronaviridae
屬：	乙型冠狀病毒屬 Betacoronavirus
亞屬：	SARS乙型冠狀病毒亞屬 Sarbecovirus
種：	嚴重急性呼吸系統綜合症相關冠狀病毒 Severe acute respiratory; syndrome-related coronavirus
病毒株
	嚴重急性呼吸道症候群冠狀病毒1型 SARS-CoV-1; 嚴重急性呼吸道症候群冠狀病毒2型 SARS-CoV-2; 蝙蝠SARS樣冠狀病毒WIV1 Bat SARS-like coronavirus WIV1; 果子狸SARS冠狀病毒 Civet SARS-CoV;

嚴重急性呼吸窘迫綜合徵相關病毒（英語：Severe acute respiratory syndrome–related coronavirus），簡稱SARS相關冠狀病毒（SARSr-CoV），是冠狀病毒科乙型冠狀病毒屬的一個種。^[2]該種病毒現有2個可傳染人的分型^[3]。

事实速览 嚴重急性呼吸系統綜合症相關冠狀病毒, 病毒分類 ...

关闭

事实速览 「SARS-CoV」的各地常用譯名, 中國大陸 ...

关闭

分型

第一個分型稱為嚴重急性呼吸道症候群冠狀病毒1型（英語：Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 1，簡稱SARS-CoV-1）^[3]，發現於2003年，引發了嚴重急性呼吸系統綜合症的疫情，有可能是通過菊頭蝠傳播到人類的^[4]。

第二個分型稱為嚴重急性呼吸道症候群冠狀病毒2型（英語：Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2，簡稱SARS-CoV-2），發現於2019年，引發了2019冠狀病毒病的疫情^[3]，有研究認為，該病毒類型可能是通過馬來穿山甲傳播給人類的^[5]^[6]。截至2021年6月，病毒溯源工作仍在進行^[7]。統計至2021年2月4日為止，病例數約為SARS-CoV的12800倍，病逝人數約為2900倍。

關係圖

嚴重急性呼吸道症候群相關冠狀病毒
SARSr-CoV

嚴重急性呼吸道症候群冠狀病毒1型
SARS-CoV-1

嚴重急性呼吸道症候群冠狀病毒2型
SARS-CoV-2

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演化樹

截至2021年1月 (2021-01)^[update]，SARS-CoV與相關病毒株的系統發生樹：

16BO133 與SARS-COV相似度82.8 % · 馬鐵菊頭蝠 · 韓國全羅北道（2016年採集、2019年發表）^[8]

	Rf1 87.8 % · 馬鐵菊頭蝠 · 中國湖北宜昌（2004年採集、2005年發表）^[9]

	BtCoV HKU3 87.9 % · 中華菊頭蝠 · 香港、中國廣東（2004年採集、2005年發表、2010年又發表若干新病毒株）^[10]

LYRa11 90.9 % · 中菊頭蝠 · 中國雲南保山（2011年採集、2014年發表）^[11]

Rp3 92.6 % · 皮氏菊頭蝠 · 中國廣西南寧（2004年採集、2005年發表）^[9]

	SL-CoV YNLF_31C 93.5 % · 馬鐵菊頭蝠 · 中國雲南祿豐（2013年採集、2015年發表）^[12]

	SL-CoV YNLF_34C 93.5 % · 馬鐵菊頭蝠 · 中國雲南祿豐（2013年採集、2015年發表）^[12]

	SHC014 95.4 % · 中華菊頭蝠 · 中國雲南昆明（2011年採集、2013年發表）^[13]

	WIV1 95.6 % · 中華菊頭蝠 · 中國雲南昆明（2012年採集、2013年發表）^[13]

WIV16 96.0 % · 中華菊頭蝠 · 中國雲南昆明（2013年採集、2016年發表）^[14]

	果子貍SARS冠狀病毒 99.8 % · 果子狸 · 中國廣東^[10]

	SARS-CoV 100 %

SARS-CoV-2 79 %

蝙蝠病毒

果子狸病毒

人類病毒

SARS-CoV-2與相關病毒株的系統發生樹^[15]^[16] :

Rc-o319 與SARS-CoV-2相似度81 % · 角菊頭蝠 · 日本岩手縣（2013年採集、2020年發表）^[17]

	SL-ZXC21 88 % · 小菊頭蝠 · 中華人民共和國浙江舟山（2015年採集、2018年發表）^[18]

	SL-ZC45 88 % · 小菊頭蝠 · 中華人民共和國浙江舟山（2017年採集、2018年發表）^[18]

Pangolin-CoV-GX 85.5 % · 馬來穿山甲 · 東南亞（2017年採集、2020年發表）^[19]

Pangolin-CoV-GD 90.1 % · 馬來穿山甲 · 東南亞（2019年採集、2020年發表）^[20]

	RshSTT182 92.6 % · 扁顱菊頭蝠（英語：Rhinolophus shameli） · 柬埔寨上丁省（2010年採集、2021年發表）^[16]

	RshSTT200 92.6 % · 扁顱菊頭蝠 · 柬埔寨上丁省（2010年採集、2021年發表）^[16]

	RacCS203（英語：RacCS203） 91.5 % · 大角菊頭蝠（英語：Rhinolophus acuminatus） · 泰國差春騷府（2020年採集、2021年發表）^[15]

	RmYN02 93.3 % · 馬來亞菊頭蝠 · 中華人民共和國雲南勐臘（2019年採集、2020年發表）^[21]

	RaTG13 96.2 % · 中菊頭蝠 · 中華人民共和國雲南墨江（2013年採集、2020年發表）^[22]

	BANAL-52 96.8 % · 馬來亞菊頭蝠 · 寮國永珍省（2020年採集、2022年發表）^[23]

	SARS-CoV-2 100 %

SARS-CoV 79%

蝙蝠病毒

穿山甲病毒

人類病毒

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參考文獻

引用

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新冠溯源：世卫要求复查意大利早期样本. 德國之聲. 2021-06-02 [2021-06-11]. （原始內容存檔於2021-06-11）.
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來源

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Thiel V (編). Coronaviruses: Molecular and Cellular Biology 1st. Caister Academic Press. 2007. ISBN 978-1-904455-16-5.
Enjuanes L, et al. Coronavirus Replication and Interaction with Host. Animal Viruses: Molecular Biology. Caister Academic Press. 2008. ISBN 978-1-904455-22-6.

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外部連結

WHO press release identifying and naming the SARS virus（頁面存檔備份，存於網際網路檔案館）
The SARS virus genetic map
Science special on the SARS virus（頁面存檔備份，存於網際網路檔案館） (free content: no registration required)
McGill University SARS Resources. [2015-06-15]. （原始內容存檔於2005-03-01）.
U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) SARS home
World Health Organization on alert（頁面存檔備份，存於網際網路檔案館）
SARS coronavirus. NCBI Taxonomy Browser. [2020-02-14]. 227859. （原始內容存檔於2020-11-14）.
Survival of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus（頁面存檔備份，存於網際網路檔案館）

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參見

[1] [1]
Zhang Zhongxin (張忠信), et al, 2023. Betacoronavirus Severe acute respiratory syndrome-related coronavirus （頁面存檔備份，存於網際網路檔案館） in Catalogue of Life China: 2023 Annual Checklist (中國生物物種名錄：2023版), Beijing, China.

[Thiel-2] [2]
Thiel V (editor). Coronaviruses: Molecular and Cellular Biology 1st. Caister Academic Press. 2007. ISBN 978-1-904455-16-5.

[ICTV-3] [3]
Gorbalenya, Alexander E.; Baker, Susan C.; Baric, Ralph S.; de Groot, Raoul J.; Drosten, Christian; Gulyaeva, Anastasia A.; Haagmans, Bart L.; Lauber, Chris; Leontovich, Andrey M. The species Severe acute respiratory syndrome-related coronavirus : classifying 2019-nCoV and naming it SARS-CoV-2. Nature Microbiology. 2020-04, 5 (4): 536–544 [2020-03-03]. ISSN 2058-5276. doi:10.1038/s41564-020-0695-z. （原始內容存檔於2020-03-05）（英語）.

[4] [4]
Hu, Ben; Zeng, Lei-Ping; Yang, Xing-Lou; Ge, Xing-Yi; Zhang, Wei; Li, Bei; Xie, Jia-Zheng; Shen, Xu-Rui; Zhang, Yun-Zhi. Drosten, Christian , 編. Discovery of a rich gene pool of bat SARS-related coronaviruses provides new insights into the origin of SARS coronavirus. PLOS Pathogens. 2017-11-30, 13 (11): e1006698 [2021-04-07]. ISSN 1553-7374. PMC 5708621 . PMID 29190287. doi:10.1371/journal.ppat.1006698. （原始內容存檔於2020-07-31）（英語）.

[5] [5]
Lam, Tommy Tsan-Yuk; Shum, Marcus Ho-Hin; Zhu, Hua-Chen; Tong, Yi-Gang; Ni, Xue-Bing; Liao, Yun-Shi; Wei, Wei; Cheung, William Yiu-Man; Li, Wen-Juan. Identification of 2019-nCoV related coronaviruses in Malayan pangolins in southern China. bioRxiv. 2020-02-18: 2020.02.13.945485 [2020-02-20]. doi:10.1101/2020.02.13.945485. （原始內容存檔於2021-01-16）（英語）.

[6] [6]
Liu, Ping; Chen, Wu; Chen, Jin-Ping. Viral Metagenomics Revealed Sendai Virus and Coronavirus Infection of Malayan Pangolins (Manis javanica). Viruses. 2019-11, 11 (11): 979 [2020-02-20]. PMC 6893680 . PMID 31652964. doi:10.3390/v11110979. （原始內容存檔於2021-01-14）（英語）.

[7] [7]
新冠溯源：世卫要求复查意大利早期样本. 德國之聲. 2021-06-02 [2021-06-11]. （原始內容存檔於2021-06-11）.

[pmid31076983-8] [8]
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