阿布·贝克尔·穆罕默德·扎卡里亚·拉齐（波斯语：ابوبكر محمّد زکرياى رازى，Abūbakr Mohammad-e Zakariā-ye Rāzī；865年—925年），波斯医师、炼金术师、化学家、哲学家。他博学多才，为早期医学、化学、音乐和哲学领域做出很大贡献。医学方面，他发现天花与麻疹是两种不同的疾病，并最早阐明了过敏和免疫的原理。化学上，他发现乙醇，并认为元素嬗变为金银是可能的。他创立了完善的蒸馏和提取方法，并通过蒸馏绿矾（油）和石油，分别发现硫酸和煤油。一生著有200部书籍和文章，记载了他在各领域的探索。
Quick Facts 阿布·贝克尔·拉齐, 出生 ...
| 阿布·贝克尔·拉齐 |
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| 出生 | 854 CE [1]
波斯雷伊[2] |
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| 逝世 | 932或925 CE[2]
波斯雷伊 |
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| 时代 | 伊斯兰黄金时代 |
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| 地区 | 伊斯兰哲学 |
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| 学派 | Persian science, Islamic medicine |
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主要领域 | 化学, 医学, 哲学 |
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著名思想 | Discovered alcohol (ethanol) in its pure form, the first to produce 酸 such as 硫酸, writing up limited or extensive notes on diseases such as 天花 and 水痘, a pioneer in 眼科学, author of first book on pediatrics, making leading contributions in 无机化合物 and 有机化学, also the author of several philosophical works |
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Iskandar, Albert. Al-Rāzī. Encyclopaedia of the history of science, technology, and medicine in non-western cultures 2nd. Springer: 155–156. 2006.
- Arberry, A.J. The Spiritual Physick of Rhazes (PDF). The Wisdom of the East Series. The Liberty Fund. 1950 [2014-10-19]. （原始内容存档 (PDF)于2019-01-28）.
- See C. Brockelmann for the manuscript of Razi's extant books in general, see Brockelmann, GAL, I, pp. 268–71 (second edition), Suppl., Vol. I, pp. 418–21.
- Paul Kraus, Abi Bakr Mohammadi Filii Zachariae Raghensis: Opera Philosophica, fragmentaque quae superssunt. Pars Prior. Cairo 1939. Note: this is the only edition of Al-Razi's philosophical books and fragments still extant. Only the first volume was published since Kraus's suicide prevented the publication of the second volume for which he already had gathered a great amount of material. This material was transferred, after his death, to the Institut Francais d'Archeologie Orientale, in Cairo; it still remains to be published. [来源请求]
- Abdul Latif Muhammad al-Abd. Al-ṭibb al-rūḥānī li Abū Bakr al-Rāzī. Cairo: Maktabat al-Nahḍa al-Miṣriyya. 1978.
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- Sa'id al-Andalusi, Tabaqat al-Umam, p. 33
- Ibn Juljul, Tabaqat al-Atibba w-al-Hukama, (ed. Fu'ad Sayyid), Cairo, 1355/1936, pp. 77–78
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- Al-Safadi, Nakt al-Himyan, pp. 249–50
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- Al-'Umari, Masalik al-Absar, Vol. V, Part 2, ff. 301-03 (photostat copy in Dar al-Kutub al-Misriyyah).
- G. S. A. Ranking, The Life and Works of Rhazes, in Proceedings of the Seventeenth International Congress of Medicine, London, 1913, pp. 237–68.
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- Die Alchemie al-Razi's der Islam, Vol. XXII,pp. 283–319.
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- H. H. Shader, ZDMG, 79, pp. 228–35 (see translation into Arabic by Abdurrahman Badawi in al-Insan al-Kamil,Islamica, Vol. XI, Cairo, 1950, pp. 37–44).
- E. O. von Lippmann, Entstehung und Ausbreitung der Alchemie, Vol. II, p. 181.
- S. Pines, Die Atomenlehre ar-Razi's in Beitrage zur islamischen Atomenlehre, Berlin, 1936, pp. 34–93.
- Dr. Mahmud al-Najmabadi, Shah Hal Muhammad ibn Zakariya, (1318/1900)
- Gamil Bek, Uqud al-Jauliar, Vol. I, pp. 118–27.
- Izmirli Haqqi, Ilahiyat, Fak. Macm., Vol. I, p. 151; Vol. II, p. 36, Vol. III, pp. 177 et seq.
- Abdurrahman Badawi, Min Tarlkh al-Ilhad fi al-Islam Islamica, Vol. II, Cairo, 1945, pp. 198–228.
- Hirschberg,Geschichte der Augenheilkunde, p. 101.
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- M. Meyerhof, Legacy of Islam, pp. 323 et seq.
- F. Wüstenfeld, Geschichte der Arabischen Arzte und Naturforscher, ftn. 98.
- L. Leelerc, Histoire de la medicine arabe, Paris, 1876, Vol. I, pp. 337–54.
- H. P. J. Renaud, A propos du millenaire de Razes, in bulletin de la Societe Irancaise d'Histoire de la medicine, Mars-avril, 1931, pp. 203 et seq.
- A. Eisen, Kimiya al-Razi, RAAD, DIB, 62/4.
- Aldo Mieli, La science arabe, Leiden, 1938, pp. 8, 16.
- Nasr, Science and Civilization in Islam, see. Razes: The Secret of Secrets, p. 273, also pp. 197–200, and Anawati: L'Alchemie arabe in Rased.
- Browne, Edward Granville. Islamic Medicine. Goodword Books Pvt. Ltd. 2001. ISBN 81-87570-19-9.
- M. M. Sharif, A History of Muslim Philosophy
- Walker, P. "The Political Implications of al-Razi's Philosophy", in C. Butterworth (ed.) The Political Aspects of Islamic Philosophy, Cambridge, MA: 哈佛大学出版社, 61-94.(1992)
- Motazed, K. Mohammad Zakaria Razi
- Richter-Bernburg, Lutz. AL-ḤĀWI. Encyclopaedia Iranica 1. ISBN 0-933273-54-1. （原始内容存档于2021-01-13）.
- Encyclopaedie des Islams, s. v. (by Ruska).
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