评估的目的是确保决策者在决定是否进行项目时将环境影响列入考虑。国际环境影响评估协会（英语：International Association for Impact Assessment）（IAIA）将环境影响评估定义为"在做出重大决定和承诺之前，先识别、预测、评估和减轻开发提案所具有生物物理、社会和其他相关影响的程序"。[55]评估的独特之处在于其并未要求项目达到预定的环境结果，而是要求决策者在过程中考虑环境价值，并根据详细的环境研究和公众对潜在环境影响的评论来证明这些决策的合理性。[56]
Climate Science Special Report – Fourth National Climate Assessment (NCA4), Volume I, Executive Summary. U.S. Global Change Research Program: 1–470. [2017-12-02]. （原始内容存档于2019-06-14）. This assessment concludes, based on extensive evidence, that it is extremely likely that human activities, especially emissions of greenhouse gases, are the dominant cause of the observed warming since the mid-20th century. For the warming over the last century, there is no convincing alternative explanation supported by the extent of the observational evidence. In addition to warming, many other aspects of global climate are changing, primarily in response to human activities. Thousands of studies conducted by researchers around the world have documented changes in surface, atmospheric, and oceanic temperatures; melting glaciers; diminishing snow cover; shrinking sea ice; rising sea levels; ocean acidification; and increasing atmospheric water vapor.
Ripple, William J.; Wolf, Christopher; Newsome, Thomas M; Barnard, Phoebe; Moomaw, William R. World Scientists' Warning of a Climate Emergency. BioScience. 2019-11-05 [2019-11-08]. doi:10.1093/biosci/biz088. hdl:1808/30278. （原始内容存档于2020-01-03）. Still increasing by roughly 80 million people per year, or more than 200,000 per day (figure 1a–b), the world population must be stabilized—and, ideally, gradually reduced—within a framework that ensures social integrity. There are proven and effective policies that strengthen human rights while lowering fertility rates and lessening the impacts of population growth on GHG emissions and biodiversity loss. These policies make family-planning services available to all people, remove barriers to their access and achieve full gender equity, including primary and secondary education as a global norm for all, especially girls and young women (Bongaarts and O’Neill 2018).
Cook, John. Consensus on consensus: a synthesis of consensus estimates on human-caused global warming. Environmental Research Letters. 2016-04-13, 11 (4): 048002. Bibcode:2016ERL....11d8002C. doi:10.1088/1748-9326/11/4/048002. The consensus that humans are causing recent global warming is shared by 90%–100% of publishing climate scientists according to six independent studies
Increased Ocean Acidity. Epa.gov. United States Environmental Protection Agency. 30 August 2016 [2017-11-23]. （原始内容存档于2011-06-23）. Carbon dioxide is added to the atmosphere whenever people burn fossil fuels. Oceans play an important role in keeping the Earth's carbon cycle in balance. As the amount of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere rises, the oceans absorb a lot of it. In the ocean, carbon dioxide reacts with seawater to form carbonic acid. This causes the acidity of seawater to increase.
Libiszewski, Stephan. What is an Environmental Conflict?(PDF). Journal of Peace Research. 1991, 28 (4): 407–422 [2023-12-18]. （原始内容存档(PDF)于2022-03-25）.
Cardoso, Andrea. Behind the life cycle of coal: Socio-environmental liabilities of coal mining in Cesar, Colombia. Ecological Economics. December 2015, 120: 71–82. doi:10.1016/j.ecolecon.2015.10.004.
Mola-Yudego, Blas; Gritten, David. Determining forest conflict hotspots according to academic and environmental groups. Forest Policy and Economics. October 2010, 12 (8): 575–580. doi:10.1016/j.forpol.2010.07.004（英语）.
Luomi, Mari. Global Climate Change Governance: The search for effectiveness and universality (报告). International Institute for Sustainable Development (IISD). 2020. JSTOR resrep29269.
Holder, J., (2004), Environmental Assessment: The Regulation of Decision Making, Oxford University Press, New York; For a comparative discussion of the elements of various domestic EIA systems, see Christopher Wood Environmental Impact Assessment: A Comparative Review (2 ed, Prentice Hall, Harlow, 2002).
Steffen, Will; Sanderson, Regina Angelina; Tyson, Peter D.; Jäger, Jill; Matson, Pamela A.; Moore III, Berrien; Oldfield, Frank; Richardson, Katherine; Schellnhuber, Hans-Joachim. Global Change and the Earth System: A Planet Under Pressure. Springer Science+Business Media. 2006-01-27 [2022-10-04]. ISBN 978-3-540-26607-5（英语）.
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