马鲛属(学名:Scomberomorus),又称马加䲠属,通称马加䲠、马鲛鱼、马交鱼、马加鱼、䲠鱼、鲅鱼、竹鲛、梭齿鱼;属鲭形目(或传统鲈形目)鲭科海鱼。
特征
马鲛鱼身体延长,一般长为25至50厘米,体重300至1000克,最大可达一米左右,体重达到4.5千克以上。身体银灰色,具有暗色横纹,肋下有7-8个灰色斑点;吻尖突,口大斜裂,牙齿偏侧,似刀刃般锋利,上下颌各一行;鱼鳞细小或退化;背鳍2个,第2背鳍及臀鳍后部各具有7-9个小鳍。
习性
分布
分布于北太平洋西部、产于东海、黄海、渤海和南海。在产区,以大洲岛海域出产的马鲛鱼为佳。
食用
- 烤马鲛鱼:为中国古时宫廷料理,被美食家誉为“仙界美食”,自古以来就备受宠爱。
- 鲅鱼肉馅饺子:中国渤海湾沿岸地区常见的食品。
台湾人重视此鱼类,列为十大美味鱼类之一,称一鯃、二红魦、三鲳、四马鲛、五𩾃、六嘉鱲、七赤鯮、八马头、九乌喉、十寸子[2]。
下属物种
本属包括以下物种:
- Scomberomorus avirostrus Abdussamad, Toji, Margaret, Mini, Rajesh, Azeez, Vinothkumar, Retheesh, Abbas, Shihab, Sneha, Prathibha & Gopalakrishnan, 2023[4]
- Scomberomorus avitus Bannikov, 1985
- Scomberomorus bleekeri (Storms, 1892)
- 巴西马鲛 Scomberomorus brasilensis Collette et al., 1978
- Scomberomorus brasiliensis Collette, Russo & Zavala-Camin, 1978
- 大耳马鲛 Scomberomorus cavalla (Cuvier, 1829)
- 康氏马鲛 Scomberomorus commerson (Lacepède, 1800),康氏马加䲠
- 美洲马鲛 Scomberomorus concolor (Lockington, 1879)
- 斑点马鲛 Scomberomorus guttatus (Bloch & Schneider, 1801),台湾马加䲠
- 朝鲜马鲛 Scomberomorus koreanus (Kishinouye, 1915),高丽马加䲠
- 线纹马鲛 Scomberomorus lineolatus (Cuvier, 1829)
- 椭斑马鲛 Scomberomorus maculatus (Mitchill, 1815)
- 巴布亚马鲛 Scomberomorus multiradiatus Munro, 1964
- Scomberomorus munroi Collette & Russo, 1980
- 澳洲马鲛 Scomberomorus munroi Spotty
- Scomberomorus munroi x Scomberomorus semifasciatus
- Scomberomorus munroi x semifasciatus
- 蓝点马鲛 Scomberomorus niphonius (Cuvier, 1832),日本马加䲠
- Scomberomorus orientalis Lacepede
- 南非马鲛 Scomberomorus plurilineatus Fourmanoir, 1966
- Scomberomorus priscus Casier, 1966
- 昆士兰马鲛 Scomberomorus queenslandicus Munro, 1943
- 条斑马鲛 Scomberomorus regalis (Bloch, 1793)
- Scomberomorus saevus Bannikov, 1982
- 半线马鲛 Scomberomorus semifasciatus (Macleay, 1883)
- 东太平洋马鲛 Scomberomorus sierra Jordan & Starks, 1895
- 中华马鲛 Scomberomorus sinensis (Lacepède, 1800),中华马加䲠
- 西非马鲛 Scomberomorus tritor (Cuvier, 1832)
- 归入本属的物种:
- Cybium bartonense Woodward, 1901
- Cybium excelsum Woodward, 1901
- Cybium loczyi Weiler, 1938
- Cybium macropomum (Agassiz, 1839)
- Cybium mertensii Cuvier, 1832
- Cybium stormsi (Leriche, 1905)
注释
延伸阅读
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