田螺泛指田螺科（学名：Viviparidae）的淡水腹足纲软体动物。平均只有拇指头大小，有角质口盖（螺厣），壳口相对比较大。螺蛳是田螺科动物的通称[4]。很多淡水鱼类喜欢吃田螺。田螺体内很容易生长寄生虫。
根据在2005年的《布歇特和洛克罗伊的腹足类分类》，田螺科属主扭舌目的成员。
分布
This family occurs nearly worldwide in temperate and tropical regions, with the exception that they are absent from 南美洲. There are two genera of Viviparidae in Africa: Bellamya and Neothauma.[5]
分类
旧属前鳃亚纲的中腹足目，田螺科目前是主扭舌类的成员[6][7]，约有17属百余种。根据2005年的《布歇特和洛克罗伊的腹足类分类》，田螺科物种大致可分为三个亚科[6]：
- 田螺亚科 Viviparinae Gray, 1847 (1833) - synonyms: Paludinidae Fitzinger, 1833 (inv.); Kosoviinae Atanackovic, 1859 (n.a.)
- 环棱螺亚科 Bellamyinae Rohrbach, 1937 - synonym: Amuropaludinidae Starobogatov, Prozorova, Bogatov & Sayenko, 2004 (n.a.)
- 平圆螺亚科 Lioplacinae Gill, 1863 - synonym: Campelomatinae Thiele, 1929
田螺科包括下列各属：
- Galizgia Mikhaylovskiy, 1903
- † Kosovia Atanacković, 1959
- 河螺属 Rivularia Heude, 1890[8]
- Trochopaludina Starobogatov, 1985
- Tulotoma Haldeman, 1840
- 田螺属 Viviparus Montfort, 1810：模式属，目前只余下六个现生种。异名有：Vivipara（词性错误，不采用）、Contectiana Bourguignat, 1880、Hazayipaludina Chernogorenko & Starobogatov, 1987、Kobeltipaludina Chernogorenko & Starobogatov, 1987、Paludina Férussac, 1812
- Amuropaludina Moskvicheva, 1979
- 角螺属 Angulyagra Rao, 1931[9]
- 环螺蛳属 Anularya L.-J. Zhang & S.-C. Chen, 2015：只见于中国云南，其物种旧属螺蛳属[10][11]
- Anulotaia Brandt, 1968
- 环棱螺属 Bellamya Jousseaume, 1886：亚科的模式属；
- Boganmargarya Thach, 2018
- Genus Chlorostracia Mabille, 1889
- 圆田螺属 Cipangopaludina Hannibal, 1912[10][9]
- Eyriesia P. Fischer, 1885
- Filopaludina Habe, 1964
- Heterogen Annandale, 1921：就只有一个物种，就是Heterogen longispira (E. A. Smith, 1886)；
- Idiopoma Pilsbry, 1901
- Larina A. Adams, 1851[1]
- 螺蛳属 Margarya G. Nevill, 1877：只见于中国云南，和圆田螺属关系较近[10]。
- 湄公螺属 Mekongia Crosse & P. Fischer, 1876
- Neclarina Iredale, 1943
- Neothauma E. A. Smith, 1880
- Notopala Cotton, 1935[12]
- 石田螺属 Sinotaia F. Haas, 1939：和石田螺属关系较近[10]。
- Taia Annandale, 1918
- 玺螺蛳属 玺螺蛳属 He, 2013[11]：只见于中国云南，有两个物种，均旧属螺蛳属[10]。
- † Temnotaia Annandale, 1919
- Torotaia F. Haas, 1939
- 拟小螺属 Trochotaia Brandt, 1974[13]
- Genus Centrapala Cotton, 1935 accepted as Larina A. Adams, 1855
- Genus Dactylochlamys Rao, 1925 accepted as Angulyagra Rao, 1931 (invalid: junior homonym of Dactylochlamys Lauterborn, 1901; Angulyagra is a replacement name)
- Genus Eularina Iredale, 1943 accepted as Larina A. Adams, 1855 (unnecessary replacement name for Larina, by Iredale treated as a junior homonym of Larinus Germar, 1824)
- Genus Lecythoconcha Annandale, 1920 accepted as Cipangopaludina Hannibal, 1912
- Genus Notopalena Iredale, 1943 accepted as Notopala Cotton, 1935
- Genus Robinsonia G. Nevill & H. Nevill, 1869 accepted as Neclarina Iredale, 1943 (Invalid: junior homonym of Robinsonia Grote, 1865 [Lepidoptera]; Neclarina is a replacement name)
- Genus Siamopaludina Brandt, 1968 accepted as Filopaludina (Siamopaludina) Brandt, 1968 represented as Filopaludina Habe, 1964
- Genus Ussuripaludina Zatravkin & Bogatov, 1987 accepted as Cipangopaludina (Ussuripaludina) Zatravkin & Bogatov, 1987 accepted as Cipangopaludina Hannibal, 1912
异名有Campelomatinae Thiele, 1929
- Campeloma Rafinesque, 1819
- 平圆螺属 Lioplax Troschel, 1856[14]：异名有Haldemania Tryon, 1862（次异名）
- †Albianopalin Hamilton-Bruce, Smith & Gowlett-Holmes, 2002[15]：得名于澳大利亚新南威尔士州的阿尔布（Albian）[15]。
- †Apameaus Sivan, Heller & van Damme, 2006[16] This Pliocene-Pleistocene genus contains only one species Apameaus apameae Sivan, Heller & van Damme, 2006
- †Fretacaeles Hamilton-Bruce & Kear, 2006
- †Kaya Van Damme & Pickford, 1999
- †Lioplacodes Meek, 1864
- †Macromargarya Ying, Fürsich & Schneider, 2013
- †Metohia Popović, 1964 ：次异名，因为已有Metohia Absolon, 1927（一种介形纲动物）使用了本属名。
- †Popovicia Neubauer & Harzhauser in Neubauer et al., 2015
- †Proviviparus
- †Proviviparus talbragarensis [17]
Life cycle
Life spans have been reported from 3 to 11 years in various species of Viviparidae.[18]
参考资料
延伸阅读
外部链接
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