第一原则旨在保护个人免受国家、公司或其他个人干扰认知过程,第二原则旨在确保个人拥有改变与增强自身意识之自由。[255]享有认知自由之个体,可以自由地,以任何方式改变自己的心理过程,无论通过冥想、瑜伽或祈祷等间接方式,或,通过精神药物与神经技术进行直接的认知干预来达到。由于精神药物是强有力改变认知功能方法之一,许多主张认知自由的人,同时也倡导药物相关立法改革;他们声称,“对毒品的战争”实际上是“对精神状态的战争”。[256]认知自由与伦理中心(Center for Cognitive Liberty and Ethics,CCLE)及其他倡导认知自由的组织,一直在游说重新审查与改革违禁药物法;CCLE的主要指导原则之一是:“政府不应在刑事上禁止认知增强或体验任何精神状态”。[257]还有人以认知自由为由,呼吁改革对使用百忧解、利他林和阿德拉等增强认知能力的处方药之限制。[258]
许多人权倡议者业已提出许多相关神经增强的人权倡议。[261][262]
2023年,在妮塔·A·法拉尼(英语:Nita A. Farahany)出版一本书中,提出了一项新的有关认知自由的人权倡议,作为“对现有的隐私权、思想自由权和自决权等其他人权的更新”,部分原因是一些神经增强技术也可能被用于“非自愿神经监控”等方式(包括商业目的),而容易受到黑客攻击或被用于操纵。[263][264][265]还有人提出“认知自由权、精神隐私权、精神完整权和心理连续性权”等权利。[261]2021年,智利成为第一个批准神经法的国家,规定了有关个人身份、自由意志和精神隐私的权利。[266]
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