功能性磁共振成像(fMRI,functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging)是一种神经影像学技术。其原理是利用磁振造影来测量神经元活动所引发之血液动力的改变。由于fMRI的非侵入性和其较少的辐射暴露量,从1990年代开始其就在脑部功能定位领域占有了重要地位。目前,fMRI主要被运用于对人及动物的脑或脊髓之研究中。
血氧浓度相依对比(英语:Blood-oxygen-level-dependent imaging)(BOLD)首先由贝尔实验室小川诚二等人于1990年所提出[2],小川博士与其同事很早就了解BOLD对于应用MRI于脑部功能性造影的重要性,但是第一个成功的fMRI研究则是由John W. Belliveau与其同事于1991年透过静脉内造影剂(Gadolinium,Gd,钆)所提出[3]。接着由邝健民等人于1992年发表在人身上的应用[4]。同年,小川博士于4月底提出了他的结果且于7月发表于PNAS。[5]在接下来的几年,小川博士发表了BOLD的生物物理学模型于生物物理学期刊。[5]Bandettini博士也于1993年发表论文示范功能性活化地图的量化测量。[6]
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