Leon E. Seltzer, (Ed.) (1952), Columbia Lippincott Gazetteer of the World, New York: Columbia University Press, s. 1176
Historiography in Saudi Arabia: Globalization and the State in the Middle East. I.B.Tauris. 2013. ISBN 978-0-85772-302-4.
- Published in 19th century
- Jedidiah Morse; Richard C. Morse (1823), "Medina", A New Universal Gazetteer, 4th, New Haven: S. Converse
- Josiah Conder (1830), "Medinah", Arabia, The Modern Traveller, 4, Londra: J.Duncan
- Richard Burton (1857), "El Medinah", Personal Narrative of a Pilgrimage to el Medinah and Meccah, 2nd, Londra: Longman, Brown, Green, Longmans, and Roberts, OCLC 5778233
- "Medina". American Cyclopedia. D. Appleton & Company. 1879.
- Published in 20th century
- "Medina", Encyclopædia Britannica, 11th, New York, 1910, OCLC 14782424
- Philip Khuri Hitti (1973). "Medina". Capital Cities of Arab Islam. University of Minnesota Press. s. 33+. ISBN 978-0-8166-0663-4.
- Richard Bayley Winder (1984). "Al-Madina". Encyclopedia of Islam. Leiden: Brill. ss. 997-1007.
- Muhammad ibn Jarir al-Tabari (1987). The Foundation of the Community: Muhammad At Al-Madina A.D. 622-626/Hijrah-4 A.H. History of al-Tabari. 7. M. V. McDonald, translator; W. Montgomery Watt, annotator. State University of New York Press. ISBN 0-88706-344-6. (written in 9th/10th century)
- Andrew Petersen (1996). "Medina". Dictionary of Islamic Architecture. Routledge. s. 182. ISBN 978-1-134-61365-6.
- Noelle Watson, (Ed.) (1996). "Medina". International Dictionary of Historic Places: Middle East and Africa. Birleşik Krallık: Routledge. ss. 487+. ISBN 1884964036. 9 Haziran 2019 tarihinde kaynağından arşivlendi. Erişim tarihi: 18 Aralık 2020.
- Werner Ende (1997). "The Nakhāwila, a Shite Community in Medina Past and Present". Die Welt des Islams. 37 (3): 263-348. doi:10.1163/1570060972597020. JSTOR 1570656.
- Stefano Bianca (2000), "Case Study 1: The Holy Cities of Islam - The Impact of Mass Transportation and Rapid Urban Change", Urban Form in the Arab World, Zurich: ETH Zurich, s. 218+, ISBN 3728119725, 0500282056, 28 Ocak 2020 tarihinde kaynağından arşivlendi, erişim tarihi: 18 Aralık 2020
- John Block Friedman; Kristen Mossler Figg (2000). "Medina". Trade, Travel, and Exploration in the Middle Ages: An Encyclopedia. Routledge. s. 389. ISBN 978-1-135-59094-9. 28 Ocak 2020 tarihinde kaynağından arşivlendi. Erişim tarihi: 18 Aralık 2020.
- Published in 21st century
- Richard C. Martín (2004). "Holy Cities: Medina". Encyclopedia of Islam & the Muslim World. Granite Hill Publishers. ISBN 978-0-02-865603-8.
- Josef W. Meri, (Ed.) (2006). "Medina". Medieval Islamic Civilization. Routledge. ISBN 978-0-415-96691-7.
- C. Edmund Bosworth, (Ed.) (2007). "Medina". Historic Cities of the Islamic World. Leiden: Koninklijke Brill. ss. 380-395. ISBN 978-9004153882. 7 Kasım 2020 tarihinde kaynağından arşivlendi. Erişim tarihi: 18 Aralık 2020.
- Michael R.T. Dumper; Bruce E. Stanley, (Ed.) (2008), "Madinah", Cities of the Middle East and North Africa, Santa Barbara, USA: ABC-CLIO, s. 237+, ISBN 9781576079195, 22 Ocak 2021 tarihinde kaynağından arşivlendi, erişim tarihi: 18 Aralık 2020
- Harry Munt (2014). The Holy City of Medina: Sacred Space in Early Islamic Arabia. Cambridge University Press. ISBN 978-1-139-99272-5.