Magnisyo

Ang magnesyo (Ingles: magnesium) ay isang elementong kimikal sa talahanayang peryodiko na sinasagisag ng simbolong Mg at nagtataglay ng atomikong bilang 12.

Magnesium, ₁₂Mg

Magnesium
Bigkas	/mæɡˈniːziəm/ ​(mag-NEE-zee-əm)
Appearance	shiny grey solid
Standard atomic weight Ar°(Mg)
	[24.304, 24.307] 24.305±0.002 (pinaikli)[1][2]
Magnesium sa talahanayang peryodiko
Hydrogen Helium Lithium Beryllium Boron Carbon Nitrogen Oxygen Fluorine Neon Sodium Magnesium Aluminium Silicon Phosphorus Sulfur Chlorine Argon Potassium Calcium Scandium Titanium Vanadium Chromium Manganese Iron Cobalt Nickel Copper Zinc Gallium Germanium Arsenic Selenium Bromine Krypton Rubidium Strontium Yttrium Zirconium Niobium Molybdenum Technetium Ruthenium Rhodium Palladium Silver Cadmium Indium Tin Antimony Tellurium Iodine Xenon Caesium Barium Lanthanum Cerium Praseodymium Neodymium Promethium Samarium Europium Gadolinium Terbium Dysprosium Holmium Erbium Thulium Ytterbium Lutetium Hafnium Tantalum Tungsten Rhenium Osmium Iridium Platinum Gold Mercury (element) Thallium Lead Bismuth Polonium Astatine Radon Francium Radium Actinium Thorium Protactinium Uranium Neptunium Plutonium Americium Curium Berkelium Californium Einsteinium Fermium Mendelevium Nobelium Lawrencium Rutherfordium Dubnium Seaborgium Bohrium Hassium Meitnerium Darmstadtium Roentgenium Copernicium Nihonium Flerovium Moscovium Livermorium Tennessine Oganesson Be ↑ Mg ↓ Ca sodium ← magnesium → aluminium
Atomikong bilang (Z)	12
Group	2
Period	3
Block	s-block
Electron configuration	[Ne] 3s2
Electrons per shell	2, 8, 2
Physical properties
Phase at STP	solido
Melting point	923 K ​(650 °C, ​1202 °F)
Boiling point	1363 K ​(1091 °C, ​1994 °F)
Density (at 20° C)	1.737 g/cm3[3]
when liquid (at m.p.)	1.584 g/cm3
Heat of fusion	8.48 kJ/mol
Heat of vaporization	128 kJ/mol
Molar heat capacity	24.869[4] J/(mol·K)
Vapor pressure P (Pa) 1 10 100 1 k 10 k 100 k at T (K) 701 773 861 971 1132 1361
Atomic properties
Oxidation states	0,[5] +1,[6] +2 (isang matapang na panimulang oksido)
Electronegativity	Pauling scale: 1.31
Ionization energies	1st: 737.7 kJ/mol 2nd: 1450.7 kJ/mol 3rd: 7732.7 kJ/mol (more)
Atomic radius	empirical: 160 pm
Covalent radius	141±7 pm
Van der Waals radius	173 pm
Mga linyang espektral ng magnesium
Other properties
Natural occurrence	primordiyal
Crystal structure	​hexagonal close-packed (hcp) (hP2)
Lattice constants	a = 320.91 pm c = 521.03 pm (at 20 °C)[3]
Thermal expansion	25.91×10−6/K (at 20 °C)[3][a]
Thermal conductivity	156[7] W/(m⋅K)
Electrical resistivity	43.9[8] nΩ⋅m (at 20 °C)
Magnetic ordering	paramagnetic
Molar magnetic susceptibility	+13.1×10−6 cm3/mol (298 K)[9]
Young's modulus	45 GPa
Shear modulus	17 GPa
Bulk modulus	35.4[10] GPa
Speed of sound thin rod	4940 m/s (at r.t.) (annealed)
Poisson ratio	0.290
Mohs hardness	1–2.5
Brinell hardness	44–260 MPa
CAS Number	7439-95-4
History
Naming	after Magnesia, Greece[11]
Discovery	Joseph Black (1755[11])
First isolation	Humphry Davy (1808[11])
Isotopes of magnesium t b
Main isotopes[12] Decay abun­dance half-life (t1/2) mode pro­duct 24Mg 79% stable 25Mg 10% stable 26Mg 11% stable
Kategorya: Magnesium tingnan usapan baguhin | references

May atomikong timbang na 24.312, punto ng pagkatunaw na 651 °C, punto ng pagkulong 1,107 °C, espesipikong grabidad na 1.74, at V na 2) ay isang elementong metalikong may katangian ng pagiging magaan, parang pilak, at medyo may katigasan lamang. Kapag nasa anyong pulbos o kaya laso o ribon, nagsasanhi ito ng maputi at maliwanag na liwanag kung nasusunog o kapag sumasabog. Nagagamit ito sa paggawa ng mga pailaw (mga pirotekniko o luses, aloy, pasiklab o flash sa Ingles ng kamera, at mga bomba. Natuklasan ito ni Humphry Davy noong 1808.^[13]

Mga pananda

1. The thermal expansion is anisotropic: the parameters (at 20 °C) for each crystal axis are α_a = 25.31×10⁻⁶/K, α_c = 27.03×10⁻⁶/K, and α_average = α_V/3 = 25.91×10⁻⁶/K.^[3]

Mga sanggunian

1. "Standard Atomic Weights: Magnesium" (sa wikang Ingles). CIAAW. 2011.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: date auto-translated (link)
2. Prohaska, Thomas; Irrgeher, Johanna; Benefield, Jacqueline; Böhlke, John K.; Chesson, Lesley A.; Coplen, Tyler B.; Ding, Tiping; Dunn, Philip J. H.; Gröning, Manfred; Holden, Norman E.; Meijer, Harro A. J. (2022-05-04). "Standard atomic weights of the elements 2021 (IUPAC Technical Report)". Pure and Applied Chemistry (sa wikang Ingles). doi:10.1515/pac-2019-0603. ISSN 1365-3075.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: date auto-translated (link)
3. Arblaster, John W. (2018). Selected Values of the Crystallographic Properties of Elements. Materials Park, Ohio: ASM International. ISBN 978-1-62708-155-9.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: date auto-translated (link)
4. Rumble, p. 4.61
5. Mg(0) has been synthesized in a compound containing a Na₂Mg₂²⁺ cluster coordinated to a bulky organic ligand; see Rösch, B.; Gentner, T. X.; Eyselein, J.; Langer, J.; Elsen, H.; Li, W.; Harder, S. (2021). "Strongly reducing magnesium(0) complexes". Nature (sa wikang Ingles). 592 (7856): 717–721. Bibcode:2021Natur.592..717R. doi:10.1038/s41586-021-03401-w. PMID 33911274. S2CID 233447380{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: date auto-translated (link)
6. Bernath, P. F.; Black, J. H. & Brault, J. W. (1985). "The spectrum of magnesium hydride" (PDF). Astrophysical Journal. 298: 375. Bibcode:1985ApJ...298..375B. doi:10.1086/163620.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: date auto-translated (link). See also Low valent magnesium compounds.
7. Rumble, p. 12.137
8. Rumble, p. 12.28
9. Rumble, p. 4.70
10. Gschneider, K. A. (1964). Physical Properties and Interrelationships of Metallic and Semimetallic Elements. Solid State Physics. Bol. 16. p. 308. doi:10.1016/S0081-1947(08)60518-4. ISBN 9780126077162.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: date auto-translated (link)
11. Rumble, p. 4.19
12. Kondev, F. G.; Wang, M.; Huang, W. J.; Naimi, S.; Audi, G. (2021). "The NUBASE2020 evaluation of nuclear properties" (PDF). Chinese Physics C. 45 (3): 030001. doi:10.1088/1674-1137/abddae.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: date auto-translated (link)
13. Gaboy, Luciano L. Magnesium, magnesyum, magnesyo - Gabby's Dictionary: Praktikal na Talahuluganang Ingles-Filipino ni Gabby/Gabby's Practical English-Filipino Dictionary, GabbyDictionary.com.