Berilyo

Ang berilyo (Ingles: beryllium; Espanyol: berilio) ay isang elementong kimikal sa talahanayang peryodiko na sinasagisag ng simbolong Be at nagtataglay ng atomikong bilang 4.

Beryllium, ₄Be

Beryllium
Bigkas	/bəˈrɪliəm/ ​(bə-RIL-ee-əm)
Appearance	white-gray metallic
Standard atomic weight Ar°(Be)
	9.0121831±0.0000005 9.0122±0.0001 (pinaikli)[1][2]
Beryllium sa talahanayang peryodiko
Hydrogen Helium Lithium Beryllium Boron Carbon Nitrogen Oxygen Fluorine Neon Sodium Magnesium Aluminium Silicon Phosphorus Sulfur Chlorine Argon Potassium Calcium Scandium Titanium Vanadium Chromium Manganese Iron Cobalt Nickel Copper Zinc Gallium Germanium Arsenic Selenium Bromine Krypton Rubidium Strontium Yttrium Zirconium Niobium Molybdenum Technetium Ruthenium Rhodium Palladium Silver Cadmium Indium Tin Antimony Tellurium Iodine Xenon Caesium Barium Lanthanum Cerium Praseodymium Neodymium Promethium Samarium Europium Gadolinium Terbium Dysprosium Holmium Erbium Thulium Ytterbium Lutetium Hafnium Tantalum Tungsten Rhenium Osmium Iridium Platinum Gold Mercury (element) Thallium Lead Bismuth Polonium Astatine Radon Francium Radium Actinium Thorium Protactinium Uranium Neptunium Plutonium Americium Curium Berkelium Californium Einsteinium Fermium Mendelevium Nobelium Lawrencium Rutherfordium Dubnium Seaborgium Bohrium Hassium Meitnerium Darmstadtium Roentgenium Copernicium Nihonium Flerovium Moscovium Livermorium Tennessine Oganesson – ↑ Be ↓ Mg lithium ← beryllium → boron
Atomikong bilang (Z)	4
Group	2
Period	2
Block	s-block
Electron configuration	[He] 2s2
Electrons per shell	2, 2
Physical properties
Phase at STP	solido
Melting point	1560 K ​(1287 °C, ​2349 °F)
Boiling point	2742 K ​(2469 °C, ​4476 °F)
Density (at 20° C)	1.845 g/cm3[3]
when liquid (at m.p.)	1.690 g/cm3
Critical point	5205 K,  MPa (extrapolated)
Heat of fusion	12.2 kJ/mol
Heat of vaporization	292 kJ/mol
Molar heat capacity	16.443 J/(mol·K)
Vapor pressure P (Pa) 1 10 100 1 k 10 k 100 k at T (K) 1462 1608 1791 2023 2327 2742
Atomic properties
Oxidation states	0,[4] +1,[5] +2 (isang anpoterong oksido)
Electronegativity	Pauling scale: 1.57
Ionization energies	1st: 899.5 kJ/mol 2nd: 1757.1 kJ/mol 3rd: 14,848.7 kJ/mol (more)
Atomic radius	empirical: 112 pm
Covalent radius	96±3 pm
Van der Waals radius	153 pm
Mga linyang espektral ng beryllium
Other properties
Natural occurrence	primordiyal
Crystal structure	​hexagonal close-packed (hcp) (hP2)
Lattice constants	a = 228.60 pm c = 358.42 pm (at 20 °C)[3]
Thermal expansion	10.98×10−6/K (at 20 °C)[3][a]
Thermal conductivity	200 W/(m⋅K)
Electrical resistivity	36 nΩ⋅m (at 20 °C)
Magnetic ordering	diamagnetic
Molar magnetic susceptibility	−9.0×10−6 cm3/mol[6]
Young's modulus	287 GPa
Shear modulus	132 GPa
Bulk modulus	130 GPa
Speed of sound thin rod	12,890 m/s (at r.t.)[7]
Poisson ratio	0.032
Mohs hardness	5.5
Vickers hardness	1670 MPa
Brinell hardness	590–1320 MPa
CAS Number	7440-41-7
History
Discovery	Louis Nicolas Vauquelin (1798)
First isolation	Friedrich Wöhler & Antoine Bussy (1828)
Isotopes of beryllium t b
Main isotopes[8] Decay abun­dance half-life (t1/2) mode pro­duct 7Be trace 53.22 d ε 7Li 8Be synth 81.9 as α 4He 9Be 100% stable 10Be trace 1.387×106 y β− 10B
Kategorya: Beryllium tingnan usapan baguhin | references

Isang elemento at metal na may katibayan sa init, korosyon, at kalawang. Natuklasan ito ni Louis Nicolas Vauquelin noong 1798. Ginagamit ang elementong ito para sa paggawa ng mga balangkas ng mga eruplano at ng mga sasakyang pangkalawakan, sa bila ng mga replektor sa nga reaktor na nukleyar. Kapag inihalo sa tanso, ginagamit ito bilang kontaktong elektrikal at ispring o muwelye. Kabilang sa mga katangian nito ang pagkakaroon ng atomikong bilang na 4, atomikong timbang na 9.0122, punto ng pagkatunaw na 1,278 °C, punto ng pagkulong 2,970 °C, espesipikong grabidad na 1.848, at balensya na 2.^[9]

Mga sanggunian

1. "Standard Atomic Weights: Beryllium" (sa wikang Ingles). CIAAW. 2013.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: date auto-translated (link)
2. Prohaska, Thomas; Irrgeher, Johanna; Benefield, Jacqueline; Böhlke, John K.; Chesson, Lesley A.; Coplen, Tyler B.; Ding, Tiping; Dunn, Philip J. H.; Gröning, Manfred; Holden, Norman E.; Meijer, Harro A. J. (2022-05-04). "Standard atomic weights of the elements 2021 (IUPAC Technical Report)". Pure and Applied Chemistry (sa wikang Ingles). doi:10.1515/pac-2019-0603. ISSN 1365-3075.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: date auto-translated (link)
3. Arblaster, John W. (2018). Selected Values of the Crystallographic Properties of Elements. Materials Park, Ohio: ASM International. ISBN 978-1-62708-155-9.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: date auto-translated (link)
4. Be(0) has been observed; see "Beryllium(0) Complex Found" (sa wikang Ingles). Chemistry Europe. 13 Hunyo 2016.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: date auto-translated (link)
5. "Beryllium: Beryllium(I) Hydride compound data" (PDF) (sa wikang Ingles). bernath.uwaterloo.ca. Nakuha noong 2007-12-10.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: date auto-translated (link)
6. Weast, Robert (1984). CRC, Handbook of Chemistry and Physics. Boca Raton, Florida: Chemical Rubber Company Publishing. pp. E110. ISBN 0-8493-0464-4.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: date auto-translated (link)
7. Haynes, William M., pat. (2011). CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics (ika-92nd (na) edisyon). Boca Raton, FL: CRC Press. p. 14.48. ISBN 1-4398-5511-0.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: date auto-translated (link)
8. Kondev, F. G.; Wang, M.; Huang, W. J.; Naimi, S.; Audi, G. (2021). "The NUBASE2020 evaluation of nuclear properties" (PDF). Chinese Physics C. 45 (3): 030001. doi:10.1088/1674-1137/abddae.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: date auto-translated (link)
9. Gaboy, Luciano L. Beryllium, berilyum, berilyo - Gabby's Dictionary: Praktikal na Talahuluganang Ingles-Filipino ni Gabby/Gabby's Practical English-Filipino Dictionary, GabbyDictionary.com.

1. The thermal expansion is anisotropic: the parameters (at 20 °C) for each crystal axis are α_a = 12.03×10⁻⁶/K, α_c = 8.88×10⁻⁶/K, and α_average = α_V/3 = 10.98×10⁻⁶/K.