Visiwa vya Maluku

Visiwa vya Maluku (kwa Kiingereza: Moluccas) ni kundi la visiwa nchini Indonesia vilivyopo baina ya Sulawesi na Guinea Mpya.

Ramani ya Maluku; Maluku Utara = Maluku Kaskazini

Eneo lote la Maluku ni takriban kilomita za mraba 850,000 lakini nchi kavu yaani visiwa vyenyewe ambavyo ni 1,027 ni km² 74,505 pekee.

Wakazi ni takribani milioni 2.8.

Maluku ilikuwa jimbo la Indonesia hadi mwaka 1999 lilipogawiwa kuwa majimbo mawili

• Maluku katika kusini, pamoja na kisiwa kikuu cha Ambon; seheu hii ina Wakristo wengi
• Maluku Utara au Maluku Kaskazini pamoja na kisiwa kikuu cha Halmahera; sehemu hii ina Waislamu wengi

Visiwa vya Maluku vilijulikana kama "Visiwa vya viungo" (Spice islands) na Waarabu, Wareno na Waholanzi walishindana hapa kutawala biashara miaka 500 iliyopita hadi Maluku pamoja na visiwa vingine vya Indonesia vilipata kuwa koloni la Uholanzi.

Hadi leo kilimo cha karafuu na kungumanga ni muhimu kiuchumi pamoja na uvuvi.

Wakazi ni mchanganyiko hasa wa Wamalay pamoja na Wamelanesia. Upande wa dini Wareno walifaulu kuvuta wenyeji wengi upande wa Ukristo ilhai sehemu nyingine za Indonesia walihamia zaidi Uislamu lakini juzijuzi watu wengi walifika kutoka pande nyingine za Indonesia, wengi wao wakiwa Waislamu.

Baina ya mwaka 1999 na 2002 kulikuwa na mapigano baina ya Wakristo na Waislamu: maelfu walipoteza uhai na takriban nusu milioni walifukuzwa kutoka makazi yao.

Tanbihi

Marejeo

• Andaya, Leonard Y. (1993). The World of Maluku: Eastern Indonesia in the Early Modern Period. Honolulu: University of Hawai'i Press. ISBN 0-8248-1490-8}}.
• Bellwood, Peter (1997). Prehistory of the Indo-Malaysian archipelago. Honolulu: University of Hawai'i Press. ISBN 0-8248-1883-0}}.
• Donkin, R. A. (1997). Between East and West: The Moluccas and the Traffic in Spices Up to the Arrival of Europeans. American Philosophical Society. ISBN 0-87169-248-1}}.
• Milton, Giles (1999). Nathaniel's Nutmeg. London: Sceptre. ISBN 978-0-340-69676-7}}.
• Monk, Kathryn A., Yance De Fretes, Gayatri Reksodiharjo-Lilley (1997). The Ecology of Nusa Tenggara and Maluku. Singapore: Periplus Press. ISBN 962-593-076-0}}.
• Van Oosterzee, Penny (1997). Where Worlds Collide: The Wallace Line. Ithaca: Cornell University Press. ISBN 0-8014-8497-9}}.
• Wallace, Alfred Russel (2000; originally published 1869). The Malay Archipelago. Singapore: Periplus Press. ISBN 962-593-645-9}}.

Kujisomea

• George Miller (editor), To The Spice Islands And Beyond: Travels in Eastern Indonesia, Oxford University Press, 1996, Paperback, 310 pages, ISBN 967-65-3099-9

* Severin, Tim The Spice Island Voyage: In Search of Wallace, Abacus, 1997, paperback, 302 pages, ISBN 0-349-11040-9
* Bergreen, Laurence Over the Edge of the World, Morrow, 2003, paperback, 480 pages

• Muller, Dr. Kal Spice Islands: The Moluccas, Periplus Editions, 1990, paperback, 168 pages, ISBN 0-945971-07-9

Viungo vya Nje

Wikimedia Commons ina media kuhusu:

Visiwa vya Maluku

* Deforestation in the Moluccas

• The Spanish presence in the Moluccas: Ternate and Tidore
• An interesting article linking British possession of Run, a Banda Island, with the history of New York
• Map of a Part of China, the Philippine Islands, the Isles of Sunda, the Moluccas, the Papuans from 1760

2°00′S 128°00′E