Bikira Maria katika sanaa

Bikira Maria katika sanaa anajitokeza sana (hasa katika uchoraji na uchongaji) tangu zamani sana (karne ya 2 na ya 3) kulingana na maendeleo ya heshima ya Wakristo kwake^[1] hasa baada ya Mtaguso wa Efeso (431) uliokubali jina "Mama wa Mungu" kuwa sahihi^[2].

Salus Populi Romani, picha takatifu ya karne ya 5 au ya 6 hivi.

Kwa kuwa ukuu wake mwenyewe unamtegemea tu Yesu Mwanae, mara nyingi wako pamoja (hasa katika Ukristo wa Mashariki), lakini pengine anaonyeshwa peke yake.

Michoro yake ya kale zaidi inapatikana katika makatakombu ya Roma^[3], ingawa inasimuliwa (hasa Mashariki) kuwa Mwinjili Luka alimchora Bikira Maria akiwa hai.

Namna za kumchora baadaye zilitofautiana sana upande wa Ukristo wa Magharibi wakati wa Renaissance (Duccio, Leonardo da Vinci, Michelangelo, Raphael, Giovanni Bellini, Caravaggio na Rubens) na baadaye (Salvador Dalí na Henry Moore), kumbe upande wa Mashariki wasanii waliendelea kuzingatia vielelezo vilivyokubalika kimapokeo.

Muhammad alipotakasa Kaaba kwa kuondoa sanamu na michoro yote, aliokoa ile ya Bikira Maria na mtoto Yesu na Abrahamu^[4][5][6][7].

Michoro

• 
  Nardo di Cione, Madonna na Mtoto wametawazwa pamoja na Wat. Zenobi, Yohane Mbatizaji, Reparata na Yohane Mwinjili, katikati ya karne ya 14, Brooklyn Museum, Marekani
• 
  Madonna katika Lozi, Wolfgang Sauber, karne ya 12
• 
  Madonna na Malaika, Duccio, 1282
• 
  Mama Yetu wa Msaada wa Daima, karne ya 13 au 14
• 
  Maria na Mwanae aina ya Hodegetria. karne ya 13, Monasteri ya Mt. Katerina, Sinai, Misri
• 
  Madonna katika bustani ya mawaridi, Stefan Lochner 1448
• 
  Madonna wa Chansela Rolin, Jan van Eyck, 1435 hivi
• 
  Madonna wa Mtemi, Raphael, 1505
• 
  Madonna wa Vibanda, Raphael, kabla ya 1507
• 
  Madonna na Mwanae na Malaika, Quentin Matsys, 1509 hivi
• 
  Maria Msaada, Lucas Cranach the Elder, 1530 hivi
• 
  Madonna katika Kibanda cha Mzabibu, Hans Baldung, 1541 hivi, Musée de l'Œuvre Notre-Dame, Strasbourg, Ufaransa
• 
  Bikira Maria alivyochora na El Greco, 1600 hivi, Musée des Beaux-Arts de Strasbourg, Ufaransa
• 
  Bikira Akisali, Giovanni Battista Salvi da Sassoferrato, 1640–1650. National Gallery, London, Uingereza
• 
  Bikira na Mtoto pamoja na Malaika na Watakatifu, Felice Torelli, karne ya 17
• 
  Mchoro wa ukutani wa Madonna Mweusi na Yesu, Axum, Ethiopia

Sanamu

• 
  Sanamu ya mpingu ya Misri, karne ya 7
• 
  Madonna ya dhahabu ya Essen, 980 hivi
• 
  Presbyter Martinus: Madonna as Seat of Wisdom, Italia, 1199
• 
  Madonna Mweusi, Barcelona, Hispania
• 
  Madonna kaburini pa Raphael, Pantheon, Roma, Italia
• 
  Madonna kwa ajili ya maandamano ya Juma Kuu huko Seville, Hispania
• Sanamu nje ya New Tretyakov Gallery, Moscow, Urusi
  Sanamu nje ya New Tretyakov Gallery, Moscow, Urusi
• 
  Sanamu katika kanisa kuu la Ottawa, Ontario, Kanada
• 
  Madonna barabarani Ocieka, Polandi
• 
  Madonna huko Friuli, Italia
• 
  La Conquistadora, kabla ya 1625, Santa Fe, New Mexico, Marekani
• 
  Patakatifu pa Our Lady of Walsingham, Rosemont, Pennsylvania, Marekani

Michoro midogo

• 
  Jalada la mpingu la Codex Aureus of Lorsch, Ujerumani, 800 hivi
• 
  Masomo ya Injili ya Svanhild, 1058–1085, Essen, Ujerumani

Viungo vya nje

WikiMedia Commons

Wikimedia Commons ina media kuhusu:

Virgin Mary

• Metropolitan Museum: The Virgin Mary in the Middle Ages
• The Madonna in Art at Project Gutenberg by Estelle M. Hurll (First printed 1897)

Tanbihi

1. Doniger, Wendy, Merriam-Webster's encyclopedia of world religions, 1999, ISBN|0-87779-044-2 p. 696.
2. Burke, Raymond, Mariology: A Guide for Priests, Deacons, Seminarians, and Consecrated Persons 2008 ISBN|1-57918-355-7
3. Mary in Western Art by Timothy Verdon, Filippo Rossi 2005 ISBN|0-9712981-9-X p. 11
4. Guillaume, Alfred (1955). The Life of Muhammad. A translation of Ishaq's "Sirat Rasul Allah". Oxford University Press. uk. 552. ISBN 978-0196360331. Iliwekwa mnamo 2011-12-08. Quraysh had put pictures in the Ka'ba including two of Jesus son of Mary and Mary (on both of whom be peace!). ... The apostle ordered that the pictures should be erased except those of Jesus and Mary.
5. Ellenbogen, Josh; Tugendhaft, Aaron (2011). Idol Anxiety. Stanford University Press. uk. 47. ISBN 978-0804781817. When Muhammad ordered his men to cleanse the Kaaba of the statues and pictures displayed there, he spared the paintings of the Virgin and Child and of Abraham.
6. Rogerson, Barnaby (2003). The Prophet Muhammad: A Biography. Paulist Press. uk. 190. ISBN 978-1587680298.
7. Martin Lings, Muhammad: His Life Based on the Earliest Source (Rochester: Inner Traditions, 1987), pp. 17, 300.