Waddanka Republic
Jamhuuriyad (Laatiin): waa nooc ka mid ah dawladaha dalka loo aqoonsan yahay "arrin guud", ma aha walwal gaar ah ama hantida taliyeyaasha. Hawlaha ugu muhiimsan ee awooda jagada Jamhuuriyadda laguma dhaxlo. Waa qaab dawladeed oo madaxiisu yahay maamul aan dowlad ahayn. [1] [2] [3]
Ingiriisi Maraykan ah, qeexidda jamhuuri waxay si gaar ah u eegaysaa qaab dawladeed oo qofkii la doortay uu wakiil ka yahay hay'adda muwaadiniinta [2] iyo awooda jimicsiga sida waafaqsan xeerka sharciga ee dastuurku leeyahay, oo ay ka mid tahay kala-takooridda awoodaha madaxweyne la soo doortay , oo loo yaqaano Jamhuuriyadda dastuuriga ah [4] [5] [6] [7] ama matalaad dimoqraadi ah [8]
Ilaa 2017, 159 oo ka mid ah 206 dawlad-goboleed ee adduunka ah ayaa isticmaala ereyga "jumlada" iyaga oo qayb ka ah magacyadooda rasmiga ah - maahan dhammaan kuwani waa jumlado dareen ah in ay yeeshaan dowlado la doortay, mana aha erayga "jumlada" oo loo adeegsado magacyada dhammaan quruumaha leh xukuumadaha la doortay. Inkasta oo madax-hogaamiyeyaashu ay inta badan ku tilmaameen in ay xukumaan kaliya "oggolaanshaha xukunka", doorashooyinka waddamada qaarkood ayaa la ogaaday in la qabto wax badan oo loogu talagalay ujeedada "muujinta" marka loo eego ujeedada dhabta ah ee bixinta muwaadiniinta awood u leh inay doortaan madaxdooda.
Ereyga Jamhuuriyadda ayaa markii ugu horaysay c. 500 BC ee Rome, laakiin waqti ka dib ayaa ereyga loo beddelay isbeddello dhowr ah oo macnaha ah. Ugu horreyntii, ereyga Latin-ka ah ee dib-u-soo-noqoshada ayaa muujinaya "nooc ka mid ah dimuqraadiyadda" sida laga helay Rooma c. 500 BC illaa c. 27 BC. Xilligii hore ee Roomaaniga, awoodda qolka aristocratic ama patrician ee ku fadhiya dhammaan kuraasta rasmiga ah ee Roomaanku, waxaa hubiyey hay'adda qunsuliyadda, oo laba ka mid ah qunsuliyiin / madaxweyne ku doortay sannad walba muwaadiniinta xorta ah ama codsiyada Roomaanka. Erayga qadiimka ah ee Roomaanku wuxuu ka duwan yahay isticmaalka casriga ah ee ereyga, oo aan jirin jago hoggaaneed oo lagu xakameeyo kaliya "fasalka xukunka". [10] [11]
Inta badan jamhuuri waa waddan madax bannaan, laakiin sidoo kale waxaa jira hay'ado dawlad hoose oo madax-bannaan oo loo yaqaan jamhuuriyada, ama leh dowladaha lagu sharaxay "Jamhuuriga" dabeecadda. Tusaale ahaan, Qodobka IV ee Dastuurka Mareykanka wuxuu "damaanad qaadayaa Dowlad kasta oo ku taala Ururka Midnimada Jamhuuriga ah". [12] Marka la barbardhigo, Midowgii hore ee Soofiyeetiga, oo naftiisa ku tilmaamay inuu yahay koox "Jamhuuriyiin" iyo sidoo kale "dowlad-goboleed federaal ah oo ka kooban 15 Jamhuuri", ayaa loo arkaa inuu yahay qaab dawladeed oo awood leh oo aan dowlad ahaan ahayn dawlad Waxaa loo arkaa in uu yahay madax-wayne, iyada oo nidaamkeeda doorashooyinka loo qaabeeyey si loo hubiyo in si toos ah loo damaanad-qaado doorashooyinka musharixiinta xukuumadda u xilsaartay. [13]
(established 1902)
Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (est. 1922)
Panama (est. 1903)
Portugal (est. 5 October 1910)- Template:Country data Republic of China (est. 1912, from thereafter known as Taiwan since 1949.)
Finland (est. 1917)
Russian Republic (est. 1917)
Ukrainian People's Republic (1917–1919)- Template:Country data Estonia (est. 1918)
- Template:Country data Lithuania (est. 1918)
Germany- Template:Country data Democratic Republic of Georgia (est. 26 May 1918; lost independence to Soviet Russia on 25 April 1921), first democratic parliamentary republic in the Transcaucasia
Democratic Republic of Azerbaijan (est. 28 May 1918; lost independence to Soviet Russia on 28 April 1920), first democratic parliamentary republic in the Muslim world- Template:Country data Bohemia First Czechoslovak Republic (28 October 1918–1921)
- Template:Country data Free City of Danzig (1920–1939)
Turkey (est. 1923)- Template:Country data Mongolia (1924–present)
Second Hellenic Republic (1924–1935)- Template:Country data Equatorial Guinea (1931–present)
- Template:Country data Commonwealth of the Philippines (1935–1946)
- Template:Country data Catalonia Catalan Republic (1931)
Second Spanish Republic (de facto: 1931–1939; de jure: 1931–1975)
Faransiiska Fourth French Republic (1946–1958)
Lebanese Republic de jure (1943-present) de facto (1946–present)
Indonesia (est. August 17, 1945)
Vietnam (est. September 25, 1948)- Template:Country data Italian Republic (since referendum on June 2, 1946)
- Template:Country data Philippines Republic of the Philippines (1946, fully independent from the United States of America, inaugurated on 4 July 1946)
Albania (est. 1946)
Romania (est. 1947, communist government from 1948–1989)
Israaiil (since 1948)- Template:Country data Republic of Korea (since 1948)
- Template:Country data Democratic People's Republic of Korea (since 1948)
- Template:Country data Myanmar (since 1948)
Ireland (est. 1949)[1]- Template:Country data People's Republic of China (est. 1949)
India (est. 1950)
Egypt (est. 1953)
Pakistan (est. 1956)
Sudan (est. 1956)- Template:Country data Ghana (est. 1957)
Iraq (est. 1958)- Faransiiska Fifth French Republic (since 1958)
Benin (est. 1960)- Baxrayn (est. 1960)
Mauritania (since 1960)
Nigeria (since 1960)
Somalia (since 1960)
Cameroon (since 1961)- Template:Country data Namibia (since 1961)
Sierra Leone (since 1961)
South Africa (since 1961)
Burundi (since 1962)
Rwanda (since 1962)
Uganda (since 1962)
Algeria (est. 1962)
Kenya (since 1963)
Malawi
(since 1964)
Tanzania (since 1964)- Template:Country data Zambia (since 1964)
Gambia (since 1965)- Template:Country data Singapore (since 1965)
- Template:Country data Botswana (since 1966)
Yemen (since 1967)
Maldives (since 1968)- Template:Country data Nauru (since 1968)
Liibiya (since 2011, from 1969–2011 under a dictatorship)
Central African Republic (since 1970)
Guyana (since 1970)- Template:Country data Sri Lanka (since 1972)
Afghanistan (est. 1973)[2]
Third Hellenic Republic (since 1974)
Ethiopia (since 1974)- Template:Country data Malta (since 1974)
- Template:Country data Laos (since 1975)
Suriname (since 1975)- Template:Country data Seychelles (since 1976)
- Template:Country data Trinidad and Tobago (since 1976)
- Template:Country data Dominica (since 1978)
Iiraan (since 1979)
- Template:Country data Kiribati (since 1979)
Zimbabwe (since 1980)
Northern Cyprus (since 1983)- Template:Country data Fiji (since 1987)
- Armeniya (since 1991)
- Template:Country data Republic of Artsakh (since 1991)
Georgia (since 1991)- Template:Country data South Ossetia (since 1991)
- Template:Country data Abkhazia (since 1991)
- Template:Country data Transnistria (since 1990)
- Template:Country data Mauritius (since 1992)
.svg){kind=small}
