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Pronunciation | (ih-TUR-bee-əm) |
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Appearance | silvery white; with a pale yellow tint[1] |
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| 173.045(10)[2] |
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Atomic number (Z) | 70 |
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Group | f-block groups (no number) |
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Period | period 6 |
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Block | f-block |
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Electron configuration | [Xe] 4f14 6s2 |
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Electrons per shell | 2, 8, 18, 32, 8, 2 |
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Phase at STP | solid |
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Melting point | 1097 K (824 °C, 1515 °F) |
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Boiling point | 1469 K (1196 °C, 2185 °F) |
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Density (near r.t.) | 6.90 g/cm3 |
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when liquid (at m.p.) | 6.21 g/cm3 |
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Heat of fusion | 7.66 kJ/mol |
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Heat of vaporization | 129 kJ/mol |
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Molar heat capacity | 26.74 J/(mol·K) |
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Vapor pressure
P (Pa) |
1 |
10 |
100 |
1 k |
10 k |
100 k |
at T (K) |
736 |
813 |
910 |
1047 |
(1266) |
(1465) |
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Oxidation states | 0,[3] +1,[4] +2, +3 (a basic oxide) |
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Electronegativity | Pauling scale: 1.1 (?) |
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Ionization energies | - 1st: 603.4 kJ/mol
- 2nd: 1174.8 kJ/mol
- 3rd: 2417 kJ/mol
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Atomic radius | empirical: 176 pm |
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Covalent radius | 187±8 pm |
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Spectral lines of ytterbium |
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Natural occurrence | primordial |
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Crystal structure | face-centered cubic (fcc) |
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Speed of sound thin rod | 1590 m/s (at 20 °C) |
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Thermal expansion | β, poly: 26.3 µm/(m⋅K) (r.t.) |
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Thermal conductivity | 38.5 W/(m⋅K) |
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Electrical resistivity | β, poly: 0.250 µΩ⋅m (at r.t.) |
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Magnetic ordering | paramagnetic |
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Molar magnetic susceptibility | +249.0×10−6 cm3/mol (2928 K)[5] |
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Young's modulus | β form: 23.9 GPa |
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Shear modulus | β form: 9.9 GPa |
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Bulk modulus | β form: 30.5 GPa |
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Poisson ratio | β form: 0.207 |
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Vickers hardness | 205–250 MPa |
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Brinell hardness | 340–440 MPa |
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CAS Number | 7440-64-4 |
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Naming | after Ytterby (Sweden), where it was mined |
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Discovery | Jean Charles Galissard de Marignac (1878) |
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First isolation | Carl Auer von Welsbach (1906) |
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Main isotopes[6] |
Decay |
|
abundance |
half-life (t1/2) |
mode |
product |
166Yb |
synth |
56.7 h |
ε |
166Tm |
168Yb |
0.126% |
stable |
169Yb |
synth |
32.026 d |
ε |
169Tm |
170Yb |
3.02% |
stable |
171Yb |
14.2% |
stable |
172Yb |
21.8% |
stable |
173Yb |
16.1% |
stable |
174Yb |
31.9% |
stable |
175Yb |
synth |
4.185 d |
β− |
175Lu |
176Yb |
12.9% |
stable |
177Yb |
synth |
1.911 h |
β− |
177Lu |
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Category: Ytterbium | references |