Oganesson

Oganesson is a synthetic chemical element with symbol Og and atomic number 118. Oganesson has the highest atomic number and highest atomic mass of all known elements. The radioactive oganesson atom is very unstable, and since 2005, only five (possibly six) atoms of the isotope Oganesson-294 have been created.

Yuri Oganessian.

History

The element is named in honor of Yuri Oganessian. It was first created in 2002 at the Joint Institute for Nuclear Research (JINR) in Dubna, Russia by a joint team of Russian and American scientists. In December 2015, it was recognized as one of four new elements by the Joint Working Party of the international scientific people at IUPAC and IUPAP. It was formally named on 28 November 2016.^[1] It had a previous name given by the IUPAC called "Ununoctium" meaning "one-one-eight" in Latin. This was a placeholder name until the element was discovered and a name was given. The possibility of a seventh noble gas, after helium, neon, argon, krypton, xenon, and radon, was considered almost as soon as the noble gas group was discovered. Danish chemist Hans Peter Jørgen Julius Thomsen predicted in April 1895, the year after the discovery of argon, that there was a whole group of chemically unreactive gases similar to argon that would link the halogen and alkali metal groups. He expected that the seventh of this series would end a 32-element period which contained elements like thorium and uranium and have an atomic weight of 292, close to the 294 now known for the first and only confirmed isotope of oganesson.

Chemistry

The chemistry of Oganesson cannot be found because of how radioactive it is and how short its half-life is, which is only 0.69 milliseconds. However, predictions can be made based on properties the group has in common with each other. Since it's a noble gas, it is predicted that it will be a diatomic molecule (it only pairs with itself).

Uses

Oganesson, ₀₀Og

Oganesson
Pronunciation	/ˌɒɡəˈnɛsɒn/[2] (OG-ə-NESS-on) /ˌoʊɡəˈnɛsən/[3] (OH-gə-NESS-ən)
Mass number	[294] (unconfirmed: 295)
Oganesson in the periodic table
Hydrogen Helium Lithium Beryllium Boron Carbon Nitrogen Oxygen Fluorine Neon Sodium Magnesium Aluminium Silicon Phosphorus Sulfur Chlorine Argon Potassium Calcium Scandium Titanium Vanadium Chromium Manganese Iron Cobalt Nickel Copper Zinc Gallium Germanium Arsenic Selenium Bromine Krypton Rubidium Strontium Yttrium Zirconium Niobium Molybdenum Technetium Ruthenium Rhodium Palladium Silver Cadmium Indium Tin Antimony Tellurium Iodine Xenon Caesium Barium Lanthanum Cerium Praseodymium Neodymium Promethium Samarium Europium Gadolinium Terbium Dysprosium Holmium Erbium Thulium Ytterbium Lutetium Hafnium Tantalum Tungsten Rhenium Osmium Iridium Platinum Gold Mercury (element) Thallium Lead Bismuth Polonium Astatine Radon Francium Radium Actinium Thorium Protactinium Uranium Neptunium Plutonium Americium Curium Berkelium Californium Einsteinium Fermium Mendelevium Nobelium Lawrencium Rutherfordium Dubnium Seaborgium Bohrium Hassium Meitnerium Darmstadtium Roentgenium Copernicium Nihonium Flerovium Moscovium Livermorium Tennessine Oganesson Rn ↑ Og ↓ (Usb) tennessine ← oganesson → ununennium
Group	group 18 (noble gases)
Period	period 7
Block	p-block
Electron configuration	[Rn] 5f14 6d10 7s2 7p6 (predicted)[4][5] (predicted)
Electrons per shell	2, 8, 18, 32, 32, 18, 8 (predicted)
Physical properties
Phase at STP	solid (predicted)[4]
Boiling point	350±30 K ​(80±30 °C, ​170±50 °F) (extrapolated)[4]
Density when liquid (at m.p.)	4.9–5.1 g/cm3 (predicted)[6]
Critical point	439 K, 6.8 MPa (extrapolated)[7]
Heat of fusion	23.5 kJ/mol (extrapolated)[7]
Heat of vaporization	19.4 kJ/mol (extrapolated)[7]
Atomic properties
Oxidation states	(−1),[5] (0), (+1),[8] (+2),[9] (+4),[9] (+6)[5] (predicted)
Ionization energies	1st: 860.1 kJ/mol (predicted)[10] 2nd: 1560 kJ/mol (predicted)[11]
Covalent radius	157 pm (predicted)[12]
Other properties
Natural occurrence	synthetic
Crystal structure	​face-centered cubic (fcc) (extrapolated)[13]
CAS Number	54144-19-3
History
Naming	after Yuri Oganessian
Prediction	Niels Bohr (1922)
Discovery	Joint Institute for Nuclear Research and Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory (2002)
Isotopes of oganesson v e
Main isotopes[14] Decay abun­dance half-life (t1/2) mode pro­duct 294Og synth 0.7 ms[15][16] α 290Lv SF –
Category: Oganesson view talk edit | references

It currently has no uses due to how radioactive and how short its half-life is.

Other websites

• WebElements.com - Oganesson
• Oganesson at The Periodic Table of Videos (University of Nottingham)

References

1. Staff (30 November 2016). "IUPAC Announces the Names of the Elements 113, 115, 117, and 118". IUPAC. Retrieved 1 December 2016.
2. Oganesson. The Periodic Table of Videos. University of Nottingham. December 15, 2016.
3. Ritter, Malcolm (June 9, 2016). "Periodic table elements named for Moscow, Japan, Tennessee". Associated Press. Retrieved December 19, 2017.
4. Nash, Clinton S. (2005). "Atomic and Molecular Properties of Elements 112, 114, and 118". Journal of Physical Chemistry A. 109 (15): 3493–3500. Bibcode:2005JPCA..109.3493N. doi:10.1021/jp050736o. PMID 16833687.
5. Hoffman, Darleane C.; Lee, Diana M.; Pershina, Valeria (2006). "Transactinides and the future elements". In Morss; Edelstein, Norman M.; Fuger, Jean (eds.). The Chemistry of the Actinide and Transactinide Elements (3rd ed.). Dordrecht, The Netherlands: Springer Science+Business Media. ISBN 978-1-4020-3555-5.
6. Bonchev, Danail; Kamenska, Verginia (1981). "Predicting the Properties of the 113–120 Transactinide Elements". Journal of Physical Chemistry. 85 (9). American Chemical Society: 1177–1186. doi:10.1021/j150609a021.
7. Eichler, R.; Eichler, B., Thermochemical Properties of the Elements Rn, 112, 114, and 118 (PDF), Paul Scherrer Institut, retrieved 2010-10-23
8. Han, Young-Kyu; Bae, Cheolbeom; Son, Sang-Kil; Lee, Yoon Sup (2000). "Spin–orbit effects on the transactinide p-block element monohydrides MH (M=element 113–118)". Journal of Chemical Physics. 112 (6): 2684. Bibcode:2000JChPh.112.2684H. doi:10.1063/1.480842.
9. Kaldor, Uzi; Wilson, Stephen (2003). Theoretical Chemistry and Physics of Heavy and Superheavy Elements. Springer. p. 105. ISBN 978-1402013713. Retrieved 2008-01-18.
10. Pershina, Valeria (30 November 2013). "Theoretical Chemistry of the Heaviest Elements". In Schädel, Matthias; Shaughnessy, Dawn (eds.). The Chemistry of Superheavy Elements (2nd ed.). Springer Science & Business Media. p. 154. ISBN 9783642374661.
11. Fricke, Burkhard (1975). "Superheavy elements: a prediction of their chemical and physical properties". Recent Impact of Physics on Inorganic Chemistry. Structure and Bonding. 21: 89–144. doi:10.1007/BFb0116498. ISBN 978-3-540-07109-9. Retrieved 4 October 2013.
12. Chemical Data. Ununoctium - Uuo, Royal Chemical Society
13. Grosse, A. V. (1965). "Some physical and chemical properties of element 118 (Eka-Em) and element 86 (Em)". Journal of Inorganic and Nuclear Chemistry. 27 (3). Elsevier Science Ltd.: 509–19. doi:10.1016/0022-1902(65)80255-X.
14. Kondev, F. G.; Wang, M.; Huang, W. J.; Naimi, S.; Audi, G. (2021). "The NUBASE2020 evaluation of nuclear properties" (PDF). Chinese Physics C. 45 (3): 030001. doi:10.1088/1674-1137/abddae.
15. Oganessian, Yu. Ts.; Utyonkov, V. K.; Lobanov, Yu. V.; Abdullin, F. Sh.; Polyakov, A. N.; Sagaidak, R. N.; Shirokovsky, I. V.; Tsyganov, Yu. S.; et al. (2006-10-09). "Synthesis of the isotopes of elements 118 and 116 in the ²⁴⁹Cf and ²⁴⁵Cm+⁴⁸Ca fusion reactions". Physical Review C. 74 (4): 044602. Bibcode:2006PhRvC..74d4602O. doi:10.1103/PhysRevC.74.044602. Retrieved 2008-01-18.
16. Oganessian, Yuri Ts.; Rykaczewski, Krzysztof P. (August 2015). "A beachhead on the island of stability". Physics Today. 68 (8): 32–38. Bibcode:2015PhT....68h..32O. doi:10.1063/PT.3.2880. OSTI 1337838.