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Appearance | lustrous white metal |
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| 107.8682(2)[1] |
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Atomic number (Z) | 47 |
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Group | group 11 |
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Period | period 5 |
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Block | d-block |
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Electron configuration | [Kr] 4d10 5s1 |
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Electrons per shell | 2, 8, 18, 18, 1 |
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Phase at STP | solid |
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Melting point | 1234.93 K (961.78 °C, 1763.2 °F) |
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Boiling point | 2435 K (2162 °C, 3924 °F) |
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Density (near r.t.) | 10.49 g/cm3 |
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when liquid (at m.p.) | 9.320 g/cm3 |
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Heat of fusion | 11.28 kJ/mol |
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Heat of vaporization | 254 kJ/mol |
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Molar heat capacity | 25.350 J/(mol·K) |
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Vapor pressure
P (Pa) |
1 |
10 |
100 |
1 k |
10 k |
100 k |
at T (K) |
1283 |
1413 |
1575 |
1782 |
2055 |
2433 |
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Oxidation states | −2, −1, 0,[2] +1, +2, +3 (an amphoteric oxide) |
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Electronegativity | Pauling scale: 1.93 |
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Ionization energies | - 1st: 731.0 kJ/mol
- 2nd: 2070 kJ/mol
- 3rd: 3361 kJ/mol
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Atomic radius | empirical: 144 pm |
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Covalent radius | 145±5 pm |
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Van der Waals radius | 172 pm |
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Spectral lines of silver |
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Natural occurrence | primordial |
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Crystal structure | face-centered cubic (fcc) |
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Speed of sound thin rod | 2680 m/s (at r.t.) |
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Thermal expansion | 18.9 µm/(m⋅K) (at 25 °C) |
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Thermal conductivity | 429 W/(m⋅K) |
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Thermal diffusivity | 174 mm2/s (at 300 K) |
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Electrical resistivity | 15.87 nΩ⋅m (at 20 °C) |
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Magnetic ordering | diamagnetic[3] |
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Molar magnetic susceptibility | −19.5×10−6 cm3/mol (296 K)[4] |
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Young's modulus | 83 GPa |
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Shear modulus | 30 GPa |
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Bulk modulus | 100 GPa |
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Poisson ratio | 0.37 |
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Mohs hardness | 2.5 |
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Vickers hardness | 251 MPa |
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Brinell hardness | 206–250 MPa |
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CAS Number | 7440-22-4 |
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Discovery | before 5000 BC |
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Symbol | "Ag": from Latin argentum |
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Main isotopes[5] |
Decay |
|
abundance |
half-life (t1/2) |
mode |
product |
105Ag |
synth |
41.3 d |
ε |
105Pd |
γ |
– |
106mAg |
synth |
8.28 d |
ε |
106Pd |
γ |
– |
107Ag |
51.8% |
stable |
108mAg |
synth |
439 y |
ε |
108Pd |
IT |
108Ag |
γ |
– |
109Ag |
48.2% |
stable |
110m2Ag |
synth |
249.86 d |
β− |
110Cd |
γ |
– |
111Ag |
synth |
7.43 d |
β− |
111Cd |
γ |
– |
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Category: Silver | references |