Bayard Rustin

Bayard Rustin (/ˈbaɪ.ərd/; West Chester, PA, 17. ožujka 1912. – New York, NY, 24. kolovoza 1987.), američki politički aktivist i prominentna ličnost u pokretima koji su se borili za građanska prava, socijalizam, nenasilje i LGBT prava. Rustin je bio glavni organizator marša na Washington 1963. godine.^[1]

Bayard Rustin, 1963. godina.

Godine 1941., Rustin je surađivao sa sindikalistom A. Philipom Randolphom na stvarnju Pokreta marša na Washington s ciljem ukidanja rasne diskriminacije pri zapošljavanju u vojsci i obrambenom sektoru. Kasnije je organizirao skupinu znanu kao Freedom Riders (sh. Jahači slobode) te je pomogao u organizaciji SCLC-a kako bi ojačao položaj Martina Luthera Kinga, Jr.; upravo je Rustin učio Kinga o nenasilju. Blisko je surađivao i s Ellom Baker iz udruge Crusade for Citizenship (sh. Borba za državljanstvo), tijekom 1954. godine. Prije autobusnog bojkota u Montgomeryju, Rustin je organizirao skupinu znanu kao "In Friendship" (sh. U prijateljstvu), koja je pružala materijalnu i pravnu pomoć osobama kojima je prijetila deložacija iz njihovih domova.^[2] Kasnije je postao voditelj Instituta A. Philipa Randolpha pri AFL-CIO-u, koji se zalagao za integraciju dotad isključivo bjelačkih sindikata i poticao sindikalizaciju Afroamerikanaca. Tijekom 1970-ih i 1980-ih godina, Rustin je bio član niza humanitarnih misija, pomažući ljudima u Vijetnamu i Kambodži. U vrijeme svoje smrti od perforacije apendiksa, Rustin je bio na humanitarnoj misiji na Haitiju.

Rustin je bio homoseksualac te je, zbog kritika koje su se fokusirale na njegovu seksualnost, uglavnom bio savjetnik iz sjene. Tijekom 1980-ih postao je aktivni zadovaratelj i borac za LGBT prava, držeći govore na događanjima.^[3]

U mladosti socijalist, Rusin se u kasnijim godinama, iako se i dalje zalagao za radnička prava, približio sindikalistima koji su podržavali neokonzervativizam,^[4][5] zbog čega ga je osobno pohvalio i tadašnji predsjednik Ronald Reagan.^[6] Dana 20. studenog 2013. godine, predsjednik Barack Obama posthumno mu je uručio Predsjedničku medalju slobode.^[7] Godine 2023., o njegovom je životu snimljen biografski film Rustin, u kojem ga je tumačio Colman Domingo.

Reference

1. „Bayard Rustin”. National Park Service. Pristupljeno June 27, 2016.
2. „Documenting the American South: Oral Histories of the American South”. docsouth.unc.edu. Pristupljeno February 9, 2020.
3. Morgan, Thad (June 1, 2018). „Why MLK's Right-Hand Man Was Nearly Written Out of History” (en). HISTORY. Pristupljeno February 9, 2020.
4. Justin Vaïsse, Neoconservatism: The Biography of a Movement (Harvard University Press, 2010), pp. 71–75. Arhivirano September 13, 2016, na Wayback Machine-u
5. "Table: The Three Ages of Neoconservatism" Arhivirano March 20, 2016, na Wayback Machine-u, Neoconservatism: Biography of Movement by Justin Vaisse, official website.
6. Associated Press, "Reagan Praises Deceased Civil Rights Leader" Arhivirano March 31, 2016, na Wayback Machine-u
7. Justin Snow (November 20, 2013). „Obama honors Bayard Rustin and Sally Ride with Medal of Freedom”. metroweekly.com. Pristupljeno November 21, 2013.

Literatura

• Anderson, Jervis. Bayard Rustin: Troubles I've Seen (New York: HarperCollins Publishers, 1997).
• Bennett, Scott H. Radical Pacifism: The War Resisters League and Gandhian Nonviolence in America, 1915–1963 (Syracuse Univ. Press, 2003). ISBN 0-8156-3028-X.
• Branch, Taylor. Parting the Waters: America in the King Years, 1954–63 (New York: Touchstone, 1989).
• Carbado, Devon W. and Donald Weise, editors. Time on Two Crosses: The Collected Writings of Bayard Rustin (San Francisco: Cleis Press, 2003). ISBN 1-57344-174-0
• D'Emilio, John. Lost Prophet: Bayard Rustin and the Quest for Peace and Justice in America (New York: The Free Press, 2003).
• D'Emilio, John. Lost Prophet: The Life and Times of Bayard Rustin (Chicago: The University of Chicago Press, 2004). ISBN 0-226-14269-8
• Frazier, Nishani (2017). Harambee City: Congress of Racial Equality in Cleveland and the Rise of Black Power Populism. University of Arkansas Press. ISBN 1682260186.
• Haskins, James. Bayard Rustin: Behind the Scenes of the Civil Rights Movement (New York: Hyperion, 1997).
• Hirschfelder, Nicole. Oppression as Process: The Case of Bayard Rustin (Heidelberg: Universitätsverlag Winter, 2014). ISBN 3825363902
• Kates, Nancy and Bennett Singer (dirs.) Brother Outsider: The Life of Bayard Rustin (2003)
• King, Martin Luther Jr.; Carson, Clayborne; Luker, Ralph & Penny A. Russell The Papers of Martin Luther King, Jr.: Volume IV: Symbol of the Movement, January 1957 – December 1958. University of California Press, 2000. ISBN 0-520-22231-8
• Le Blanc, Paul and Michael Yates, A Freedom Budget for All Americans: Recapturing the Promise of the Civil Rights Movement in the Struggle for Economic Justice Today (New York: Monthly Review Press, 2013).
• Podair, Jerald E. "Bayard Rustin: American Dreamer" (Lanham, MD: Rowman & Littlefield Pub., 2009). ISBN 978-0-7425-4513-7
• Levine, Daniel (2000). Bayard Rustin and the civil rights movement. New Jersey: Rutgers University Press. str. 352. ISBN 0-8135-2718-X.
• Lewis, David L. King: A Biography. (University of Illinois Press, 1978). ISBN 0-252-00680-1.
• Rustin, Bayard. Down the Line: The Collected Writings of Bayard Rustin (Chicago: Quadrangle Books, 1971).
• Rustin, Bayard; Bond, Julian (2012). I Must Resist: Bayard Rustin's Life in Letters. City Lights Books. ISBN 978-0-87286-578-5.

Vanjske veze

Bayard Rustin na Wikimedijinoj ostavi

• SNCC Digital Gateway: Bayard Rustin, Documentary website created by the SNCC Legacy Project and Duke University, telling the story of the Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee & grassroots organizing from the inside-out
• Bayard Rustin – Who Is This Man?
• FBI file on Bayard Rustin
• Bayard Rustin, Civil Rights Leader, from Quakerinfo.org
• Brother Outsider, a documentary on Rustin
• Randall Kennedy, "From Protest to Patronage." The Nation
• Guide to the Papers of Bayard Rustin at the American Jewish Historical Society.
• Bayard Rustin na Internet Broadway Database ()
• Bayard Rustin Collected Papers finding aid at the Swarthmore College Peace Collection