Oscar de melhor direção

Oscar de melhor direção ^{(português brasileiro)} ou Óscar de melhor realizador ^{(português europeu)} (no original em inglês Academy Award for Best Directing), é uma categoria de premiação do Óscar referente a escolha de melhor direção de uma produção cinematográfica;^[1] é um prêmio anual que a Academia de Artes e Ciências Cinematográficas dos Estados Unidos oferece em honra a um diretor que realizou um extraordinário trabalho com a equipe de produção enquanto trabalhava na indústria do cinema, no ano anterior ao da realização da cerimônia.

Oscar de Melhor Direção
Oscar de melhor direção Vencedor mais recente: Christopher Nolan (2024)
País	Estados Unidos
Primeira cerimónia	1929
Detentor atual	Christopher Nolan Oppenheimer (2024)
Apresentação	Academia de Artes e Ciências Cinematográficas
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A cada ano a Academia seleciona o melhor diretor de uma lista de cinco indicados. O prêmio, que vem sendo entregue desde 1929, dá direito ao vencedor de receber a cobiçada estatueta e de fazer um breve discurso. De todos os 80 homenageados com o prêmio até 2008, apenas 21 não ganharam também o Oscar de melhor filme.

Em 1933 não houve entrega dos prêmios Oscar, que foram entregues duas vezes em 1930 (em abril, referente aos filmes produzidos entre 2 de agosto de 1928 e 31 de julho de 1929, e em novembro, referente aos filmes produzidos entre 1º de agosto de 1929 e 31 de julho de 1930); em 1931 (em novembro, referente aos filmes produzidos entre 1.º de agosto de 1930 e 31 de julho de 1931); em 1932 (em novembro, referente aos filmes produzidos entre 1.º de agosto de 1931 e 31 de julho de 1932); e em 1934 (em março, referente aos filmes produzidos entre 1.º de agosto de 1932 e 31 de dezembro de 1933).

John Ford é o maior vencedor da categoria com 4 vitórias, seguido de Frank Capra e William Wyler com 3 vitórias cada.

Clint Eastwood é o mais velho a vencer a categoria, com 74 anos por Million Dollar Baby (2005), e Damien Chazelle é o mais novo, com 32 anos por La La Land (2017).

Apenas 3 diretores conseguiram o feito de vencer duas vezes seguidas o prêmio: John Ford (1941-1942), Joseph L. Mankiewicz (1950-1951) e Alejandro Gonzalez Iñárritu (2015-2016).

Até 2024, apenas três mulheres venceram o Oscar de Melhor Direção: Kathryn Bigelow em 2010, por The Hurt Locker; Chloé Zhao em 2021, por Nomadland; ^[2] e Jane Campion em 2022, por The Power of the Dog.^[3] O vencedor mais recente é Christopher Nolan pelo filme Oppenheimer.^[4]

Vencedores e indicados

Década de 1920

Apenas no primeiro ano, o prêmio foi separado em Direção de Drama e Comédia.

• 1929: (Drama) Frank Borzage – Seventh Heaven
  • Herbert Brenon – Sorrell and Son
  • King Vidor – The Crowd

• 1929: (Comédia) Lewis Milestone – Two Arabian Knights
  • Ted Wilde – Speedy

Década de 1930

19301: Frank Lloyd – The Divine Lady Lionel Barrymore – Madame X Harry Beaumont – The Broadway Melody Irving Cummings – In Old Arizona Frank Lloyd – Drag Ernst Lubitsch – The Patriot 19302: Lewis Milestone – All Quiet on the Western Front Clarence Brown – Anna Christie e Romance Robert Z. Leonard – The Divorcee Ernst Lubitsch – The Love Parade King Vidor – Hallelujah 1931: Norman Taurog – Skippy Clarence Brown – A Free Soul Lewis Milestone – The Front Page Wesley Ruggles – Cimarron Josef von Sternberg – Marocco 1932: Frank Borzage – Bad Girl King Vidor – The Champ Josef von Sternberg – Shanghai Express 1934: Frank Lloyd – Cavalcade Frank Capra – Lady for a Day George Cukor – Little Women

1935: Frank Capra – It Happened One Night Victor Schertzinger – One Night of Love W. S. Van Dyke – The Thin Man 1936: John Ford – The Informer Henry Hathaway – The Lives of a Bengal Lancer Frank Lloyd – Munity on the Bounty Michael Curtiz – Captain Blood 1937: Frank Capra – Mr. Deeds Goes to Town Gregory La Cava – My Man Godfrey Robert Z. Leonard – The Great Ziegfeld W. S. Van Dyke – San Francisco William Wyler – Dodsworth 1938: Leo McCarey – The Awful Truth William Dieterle – The Life of Emile Zola Sidney Franklin – The Good Earth Gregory La Cava – Stage Door William A. Wellman – A Star Is Born 1939: Frank Capra – You Can't Take It with You Michael Curtiz – Angels with Dirty Faces Michael Curtiz – Four Daughters Norman Taurog – Boys Town King Vidor – The Citadel

Década de 1940

1940: Victor Fleming – Gone with the Wind Frank Capra – Mr. Smith Goes to Washington John Ford – Stagecoach Sam Wood – Goodbye, Mr. Chips William Wyler – Wuthering Heights 1941: John Ford – The Grapes of Wrath George Cukor – The Philadelphia Story Alfred Hitchcock – Rebecca Sam Wood – Kitty Foyle William Wyler – The Letter 1942: John Ford – How Green Was My Valley Alexander Hall – Here Comes Mr. Jordan Howard Hawks – Sergeant York Orson Welles – Citizen Kane William Wyler – The Little Foxes 1943: William Wyler – Mrs. Miniver Michael Curtiz – Yankee Doodle Dandy John Farrow – Wake Island Mervyn LeRoy – Random Harvest Sam Wood – Kings Row 1944: Michael Curtiz – Casablanca Clarence Brown – The Human Comedy Henry King – The Song of Bernadette Ernst Lubitsch – Heaven Can Wait George Stevens – The More the Merrier

1945: Leo McCarey – Going My Way Alfred Hitchcock – Lifeboat Henry King – Wilson Otto Preminger – Laura Billy Wilder – Double Indemnity 1946: Billy Wilder – The Lost Weekend Clarence Brown – National Velvet Alfred Hitchcock – Spellbound Leo McCarey – The Bells of St. Mary's Jean Renoir – The Southerner 1947: William Wyler – The Best Years of Our Lives Clarence Brown – The Yearling Frank Capra – It's a Wonderful Life David Lean – Brief Encounter Robert Siodmak – The Killers 1948: Elia Kazan – Gentleman's Agreement George Cukor – A Double Life Edward Dmytryk – Crossfire Henry Koster – The Bishop's Wife David Lean – Great Expectations 1949: John Huston – The Treasure of the Sierra Madre Anatole Litvak – The Snake Pit Jean Negulesco – Johnny Belinda Laurence Olivier – Hamlet Fred Zinnemann – The Search

Década de 1950

1950: Joseph L. Mankiewicz – A Letter to Three Wives Carol Reed – The Fallen Idol Robert Rossen – All the King's Men William A. Wellman – Battleground William Wyler – The Heiress 1951: Joseph L. Mankiewicz – All About Eve George Cukor – Born Yesterday John Huston – The Asphalt Jungle Carol Reed – The Third Man Billy Wilder – Sunset Boulevard 1952: George Stevens – A Place in the Sun John Huston – The African Queen Elia Kazan – A Streetcar Named Desire Vincente Minnelli – An American in Paris William Wyler – Detective Story 1953: John Ford – The Quiet Man Cecil B. DeMille – The Greatest Show on Earth John Huston – Moulin Rouge Joseph L. Mankiewicz – 5 Fingers Fred Zinnemann – High Noon 1954: Fred Zinnemann – From Here to Eternity George Stevens – Shane Charles Walters – Lili Billy Wilder – Stalag 17 William Wyler – Roman Holiday

1955: Elia Kazan – On the Waterfront Alfred Hitchcock – Rear Window George Seaton – The Country Girl William A. Wellman – The High and the Mighty Billy Wilder – Sabrina 1956: Delbert Mann – Marty Elia Kazan – East of Eden David Lean – Summertime Joshua Logan – Picnic John Sturges – Bad Day at Black Rock 1957: George Stevens – Giant Michael Anderson – Around the World in 80 Days Walter Lang – The King and I King Vidor – War and Peace William Wyler – Friendly Persuasion 1958: David Lean – The Bridge on the River Kwai Joshua Logan – Sayonara Sidney Lumet – 12 Angry Men Mark Robson – Peyton Place Billy Wilder – Witness for the Prosecution 1959: Vicente Minnelli – Gigi Richard Brooks – Cat on a Hot Tin Roof Stanley Kramer – The Defiant Ones Mark Robson – The Inn of the Sixth Happiness Robert Wise – I Want to Live!

Década de 1960

1960: William Wyler – Ben-Hur Jack Clayton – Room at the Top George Stevens – The Diary of Anne Frank Billy Wilder – Some Like It Hot Fred Zinnemann – The Nun's Story 1961: Billy Wilder – The Apartment Jack Cardiff – Sons and Lovers Jules Dassin – Never on Sunday Alfred Hitchcock – Psycho Fred Zinnemann – The Sundowners 1962: Robert Wise e Jerome Robbins – West Side Story Federico Fellini – La Dolce Vita Stanley Kramer – Judgment at Nuremberg Robert Rossen – The Hustler J. Lee Thompson – The Guns of Navarone 1963: David Lean – Lawrence of Arabia Pietro Germi – Divorzio all'Italiana Robert Mulligan – To Kill a Mockingbird Arthur Penn – The Miracle Worker Frank Perry – David and Lisa 1964: Tony Richardson – Tom Jones Federico Fellini – 8½ Elia Kazan – America, America Otto Preminger – The Cardinal Martin Ritt – Hud

1965: George Cukor – My Fair Lady Michael Cacoyannis – Zorba the Greek Peter Glenville – Becket Stanley Kubrick – Dr. Strangelove or: How I Learned to Stop Worrying and Love the Bomb Robert Stevenson – Mary Poppins 1966: Robert Wise – The Sound of Music David Lean – Doctor Zhivago John Schlesinger – Darling Hiroshi Teshigahara – Suna no onna William Wyler – The Collector 1966: Fred Zinnemann – A Man for All Seasons Michelangelo Antonioni – Blow-Up Richard Brooks – The Professionals Claude Lelouch – Un Homme et une Femme Mike Nichols – Who's Afraid of Virginia Woolf? 1968: Mike Nichols – The Graduate Richard Brooks – In Cold Blood Norman Jewison – In the Heat of the Night Stanley Kramer – Guess Who's Coming to Dinner Arthur Penn – Bonnie and Clyde 1969: Carol Reed – Oliver! Anthony Harvey – The Lion in Winter Stanley Kubrick – 2001: A Space Odyssey Gillo Pontecorvo – La Battaglia di Algeri Franco Zeffirelli – Romeo and Juliet

Década de 1970

1970: John Schlesinger – Midnight Cowboy Costa-Gavras – Z George Roy Hill – Butch Cassidy and the Sundance Kid Arthur Penn – Alice's Restaurant Sydney Pollack – They Shoot Horses, Don't They? 1971: Franklin J. Schaffner – Patton Robert Altman – MASH Federico Fellini – Satyricon Arthur Hiller – Love Story Ken Russell – Women in Love 1972: William Friedkin – The French Connection Peter Bogdanovich – The Last Picture Show Norman Jewison – Fiddler on the Roof Stanley Kubrick – A Clockwork Orange John Schlesinger – Sunday Bloody Sunday 1973: Bob Fosse – Cabaret John Boorman – Deliverance Francis Ford Coppola – The Godfather Joseph L. Mankiewicz – Sleuth Jan Troell – Utvandrarna 1974: George Roy Hill – The Sting Ingmar Bergman – Cries and Whispers Bernardo Bertolucci – Last Tango in Paris William Friedkin – The Exorcist George Lucas – American Graffiti

1975: Francis Ford Coppola – The Godfather Part II John Cassavetes – A Woman Under the Influence Bob Fosse – Lenny Roman Polanski – Chinatown François Truffaut – La Nuit Américaine 1976: Miloš Forman – One Flew Over the Cuckoo's Nest Robert Altman – Nashville Federico Fellini – Amarcord Stanley Kubrick – Barry Lyndon Sidney Lumet – Dog Day Afternoon 1977: John G. Avildsen – Rocky Ingmar Bergman – Face to Face Sidney Lumet – Network Alan J. Pakula – All the President's Men Lina Wertmüller – Pasqualino Settebellezze 1978: Woody Allen – Annie Hall George Lucas – Star Wars Herbert Ross – The Turning Point Steven Spielberg – Close Encounters of the Third Kind Fred Zinnemann – Julia 1979: Michael Cimino – The Deer Hunter Woody Allen – Interiors Hal Ashby – Coming Home Warren Beatty e Buck Henry – Heaven Can Wait Alan Parker – Midnight Express

Década de 1980

1980: Robert Benton - Kramer vs. Kramer Francis Ford Coppola - Apocalypse Now Bob Fosse - All That Jazz Édouard Molinaro - La Cage aux Folles Peter Yates - Breaking Away 1981: Robert Redford – Ordinary People David Lynch – The Elephant Man Roman Polanski – Tess Richard Rush – The Stunt Man Martin Scorsese – Raging Bull 1982: Warren Beatty – Reds Hugh Hudson – Chariots of Fire Louis Malle – Atlantic City Mark Rydell – On Golden Pond Steven Spielberg – Raiders of the Lost Ark 1983: Richard Attenborough – Gandhi Sidney Lumet – The Verdict Wolfgang Petersen – Das Boot Sydney Pollack – Tootsie Steven Spielberg – E.T. the Extra-Terrestrial 1984: James L. Brooks – Terms of Endearment Bruce Beresford – Tender Mercies Ingmar Bergman – Fanny och Alexander Mike Nichols – Silkwood Peter Yates – The Dresser

1985: Miloš Forman – Amadeus Woody Allen – Broadway Danny Rose Robert Benton – Places in the Heart Roland Joffé – The Killing Fields David Lean – A Passage to India 1986: Sydney Pollack – Out of Africa Héctor Babenco – O Beijo da Mulher Aranha John Huston – Prizzi's Honor Akira Kurosawa – Ran Peter Weir – Witness 1987: Oliver Stone – Platoon Woody Allen – Hannah and Her Sisters James Ivory – A Room with a View Roland Joffé – The Mission David Lynch – Blue Velvet 1988: Bernardo Bertolucci – The Last Emperor John Boorman – Hope and Glory Lasse Hallström – Mitt Liv som Hund Norman Jewison – Moonstruck Adrian Lyne – Fatal Attraction 1989: Barry Levinson – Rain Man Charles Crichton – A Fish Called Wanda Mike Nichols – Working Girl Alan Parker – Mississippi Burning Martin Scorsese – The Last Temptation of Christ

Década de 1990

1990: Oliver Stone – Born on the Fourth of July Woody Allen – Crimes and Misdemeanors Kenneth Branagh – Henry V Jim Sheridan – My Left Foot Peter Weir – Dead Poets Society 1991: Kevin Costner – Dances with Wolves Francis Ford Coppola – The Godfather: Part III Stephen Frears – The Grifters Barbet Schroeder – Reversal of Fortune Martin Scorsese – Goodfellas 1992: Jonathan Demme – The Silence of the Lambs Barry Levinson – Bugsy Ridley Scott – Thelma & Louise John Singleton – Boyz n the Hood Oliver Stone – JFK 1993: Clint Eastwood – Unforgiven Robert Altman – The Player Martin Brest – Scent of a Woman James Ivory – Howards End Neil Jordan – The Crying Game 1994: Steven Spielberg – Schindler's List Robert Altman – Short Cuts Jane Campion – The Piano James Ivory – The Remains of the Day Jim Sheridan – In the Name of the Father

1995: Robert Zemeckis – Forrest Gump Woody Allen – Bullets Over Broadway Krzysztof Kieślowski – Trois Couleurs: Rouge Robert Redford – Quiz Show Quentin Tarantino – Pulp Fiction 1996: Mel Gibson – Braveheart Mike Figgis – Leaving Las Vegas Chris Noonan – Babe Michael Radford – Il Postino Tim Robbins – Dead Man Walking 1997: Anthony Minghella – The English Patient Joel Coen – Fargo Miloš Forman – The People vs. Larry Flynt Scott Hicks – Shine Mike Leigh – Secrets & Lies 1998: James Cameron – Titanic Peter Cattaneo – The Full Monty Atom Egoyan – The Sweet Hereafter Curtis Hanson – L.A. Confidential Gus Van Sant – Good Will Hunting 1999: Steven Spielberg – Saving Private Ryan Roberto Benigni – La Vita È Bella John Madden – Shakespeare in Love Terrence Malick – The Thin Red Line Peter Weir – The Truman Show

Década de 2000

2000: Sam Mendes – American Beauty Lasse Hallström – The Cider House Rules Spike Jonze – Being John Malkovich Michael Mann – The Insider M. Night Shyamalan – The Sixth Sense 2001: Steven Soderbergh – Traffic Stephen Daldry – Billy Elliot Ang Lee – Wòhǔ Cánglóng Ridley Scott – Gladiator Steven Soderbergh – Erin Brockovich 2002: Ron Howard – A Beautiful Mind Robert Altman – Gosford Park Peter Jackson – The Lord of the Rings: The Fellowship of the Ring David Lynch – Mulholland Drive Ridley Scott – Black Hawk Down 2003: Roman Polanski – The Pianist Pedro Almodóvar – Hable con Ella Stephen Daldry – The Hours Rob Marshall – Chicago Martin Scorsese – Gangs of New York 2004: Peter Jackson – The Lord of the Rings: The Return of the King Sofia Coppola – Lost in Translation Clint Eastwood – Mystic River Fernando Meirelles – Cidade de Deus Peter Weir – Master and Commander: The Far Side of the World

2005: Clint Eastwood – Million Dollar Baby Taylor Hackford – Ray Mike Leigh – Vera Drake Alexander Payne – Sideways Martin Scorsese – The Aviator 2006: Ang Lee – Brokeback Mountain George Clooney – Good Night, and Good Luck Paul Haggis – Crash Bennett Miller – Capote Steven Spielberg – Munich 2007: Martin Scorsese – The Departed Clint Eastwood – Letters from Iwo Jima Stephen Frears – The Queen Alejandro González Iñárritu – Babel Paul Greengrass – United 93 2008: Joel Coen e Ethan Coen – No Country for Old Men Paul Thomas Anderson – There Will Be Blood Tony Gilroy – Michael Clayton Jason Reitman – Juno Julian Schnabel – Le Scaphandre et le Papillon 2009: Danny Boyle – Slumdog Millionaire Stephen Daldry – The Reader David Fincher – The Curious Case of Benjamin Button Ron Howard – Frost/Nixon Gus Van Sant – Milk

Década de 2010

2010: Kathryn Bigelow – The Hurt Locker James Cameron – Avatar Lee Daniels – Precious: Based on the Novel "Push" by Sapphire Jason Reitman – Up in the Air Quentin Tarantino – Inglourious Basterds 2011: Tom Hooper – The King's Speech Darren Aronofsky – Black Swan Joel Coen e Ethan Coen – True Grit David Fincher – The Social Network David O. Russell – The Fighter 2012: Michel Hazanavicius – The Artist Woody Allen – Midnight in Paris Terrence Malick – The Tree of Life Alexander Payne – The Descendants Martin Scorsese – Hugo 2013: Ang Lee – Life of Pi Michael Haneke – Amour David O. Russell – Silver Linings Playbook Steven Spielberg – Lincoln Benh Zeitlin – Beasts of the Southern Wild 2014: Alfonso Cuarón – Gravity Steve McQueen – 12 Years a Slave Alexander Payne – Nebraska David O. Russell – American Hustle Martin Scorsese – The Wolf of Wall Street

2015: Alejandro González Iñárritu – Birdman or (The Unexpected Virtue of Ignorance) Wes Anderson – The Grand Budapest Hotel Richard Linklater – Boyhood Bennett Miller – Foxcatcher Morten Tyldum – The Imitation Game 2016: Alejandro González Iñárritu – The Revenant Lenny Abrahamson – Room Thomas McCarthy – Spotlight Adam McKay – The Big Short George Miller – Mad Max: Fury Road 2017: Damien Chazelle – La La Land Barry Jenkins – Moonlight Denis Villeneuve – Arrival Kenneth Lonergan – Manchester by the Sea Mel Gibson – Hacksaw Ridge 2018: Guillermo del Toro – The Shape of Water Paul Thomas Anderson – Phantom Thread Christopher Nolan – Dunkirk Greta Gerwig – Lady Bird Jordan Peele – Get Out 2019: Alfonso Cuarón – Roma Adam McKay – Vice Yorgos Lanthimos – The Favourite Spike Lee – BlacKkKlansman Pawel Pawlikowski – Cold War

Década de 2020

2020: Bong Joon-ho - Parasite Martin Scorsese - The Irishman Sam Mendes - 1917 Quentin Tarantino - Once Upon a Time in Hollywood Todd Phillips - Joker 2021: Chloé Zhao - Nomadland Lee Isaac Chung - Minari Emerald Fennell - Promising Young Woman David Fincher - Mank Thomas Vinterberg - Druk 2022: Jane Campion - The Power of the Dog Paul Thomas Anderson - Licorice Pizza Ryūsuke Hamaguchi - Drive My Car Steven Spielberg - West Side Story Kenneth Branagh - Belfast

2023: Daniel Kwan e Daniel Scheinert – Everything Everywhere All at Once Martin McDonagh - The Banshees of Inisherin Steven Spielberg - The Fabelmans Todd Field - Tár Ruben Östlund - Triangle of Sadness 2024: Christopher Nolan - Oppenheimer Yorgos Lanthimos - Poor Things Justine Triet - Anatomie d'une chute Martin Scorsese - Killers of the Flower Moon Jonathan Glazer - The Zone of Interest

Referências

1. «Entenda o que significa cada uma das 23 categorias do Oscar». ShowmeTech. 21 de março de 2022. Consultado em 2 de junho de 2022
2. Oscars: Chloe Zhao Becomes Second Woman to Win Best Director
3. Arkin, Daniel (28 de março de 2022). «Jane Campion becomes third woman to win best director Oscar». NBC News (em inglês). Consultado em 28 de março de 2022
4. Harris, Beth (11 de março de 2024). «Christopher Nolan wins his first Oscar for directing 'Oppenheimer'». Associated Press (em inglês). Consultado em 11 de março de 2024

Ligações externas

• Site oficial da Academia (em inglês)
• Site oficial das cerimónias (em inglês)
• Base de dados oficial dos prémios (em inglês)
• Lista completa dos indicados/nomeados e vencedores (em inglês)
• IMDB Site do Internet Movie Database (em inglês)
• Histórico de premiações Filmsite (em inglês)