ଫ୍ଲୋରିନ

ଫ୍ଲୋରିନ (English: fluorine) ହେଉଛି ଏକ ରାସାୟନିକ ମୌଳିକ ଯାହାର ପ୍ରତୀକ F ଓ ପରମାଣୁ କ୍ରମାଙ୍କ ୯ । ଏହା ସବୁଠାରୁ ହାଲୁକା ହାଲୋଜେନ ।

Fluorine,  ₉F

Liquid fluorine at cryogenic temperatures
ସାଧାରଣ ଗୁଣ
ନାମ, ପ୍ରତୀକ	fluorine, F
Appearance	gas: very pale yellow liquid: bright yellow solid: transparent (beta), opaque (alpha)
ଉଚ୍ଚାରଣ	/ˈflʊəriːn/, /ˈflʊərɪn/, /ˈflɔːriːn/
Fluorine in the periodic table
- ↑ F ↓ Cl oxygen ← fluorine → neon
ପରମାଣୁ କ୍ରମାଙ୍କ (Z)	9
ଶ୍ରେଣୀ, ବ୍ଳକ	group 17 (halogens), p-block
ପର୍ଯ୍ୟାୟ	period 2
ମୌଳିକ ପ୍ରକାର	halogen
ମାନକ ପରମାଣବିକ ଓଜନ (Ar)	18.9984032(5)[1]
ଇଲେକ୍‌ଟ୍ରୋନ୍ ବିନ୍ୟାସ	[He] 2s2 2p5[2]
per shell	2, 7
ଭୌତିକ ଗୁଣ
ଅବସ୍ଥା	gas
ଗଳନାଙ୍କ	53.53 K ​(−219.62 °C, ​−363.32[3] °F)
ସ୍ଫୁଟନାଙ୍କ	85.03 K ​(−188.12 °C, ​−306.62[3] °F)
ଘନତା at stp (0 °C and 101.325 kPa)	1.696[4] g/L
when liquid, at b.p.	1.505[5] g/cm3
Critical point	144.4 K, 5.215[5] MPa
Heat of	6.51[4] kJ/mol
Molar heat capacity	(Cp) (21.1 °C) 825[5] J·mol−1·K−1 (Cv) (21.1 °C) 610[5] J/(mol·K)
pressure P (Pa) 1 10 100 1 k 10 k 100 k at T (K) 38 44 50 58 69 85
Atomic properties
Oxidation states	−1 ​oxidizes oxygen
Electronegativity	Pauling scale: 3.98[2]
energies	(more)
Covalent radius	64[6] pm
Van der Waals radius	135[7] pm
Miscellanea
Crystal structure	​cubic the structure refers to solid fluorine, just below the melting point, 1 atm[8]
Thermal conductivity	0.02591[9] W/(m·K)
Magnetic ordering	diamagnetic[10]
CAS Number	7782-41-4[2]
ଇତିହାସ
ଆବିଷ୍କାର	André-Marie Ampère (1810)
First isolation	Henri Moissan[2] (June 26, 1886)
Named by	Humphry Davy
Most stable isotopes of fluorine
iso NA half-life DM DE (MeV) DP 18F trace 109.77 min β+ (96.9%) 0.634 18O ε (3.1%) 1.656 18O 19F 100% 19F is stable with 10 neutrons
reference[11]
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ଧର୍ମ

ଭୌତିକ

ପରମାଣବିକ ସଂରଚନା

ଆଣବିକ ସଂରଚନା

ରାସାୟନିକ

ସମସ୍ଥାନିକ

ଉତ୍ପତି ଓ ଅବସ୍ଥିତି

ବିଶ୍ୱରେ

ପୃଥିବୀରେ

ଇତିହାସ

ବ୍ୟବହାର

ବିପଦ

ଟୀକା

1. Wieser, Michael E.; Coplen, Tyler B. (2010). "Atomic weights of the elements 2009 (IUPAC Technical Report)". Pure and Applied Chemistry. 83: 359–396. doi:10.1351/PAC-REP-10-09-14. {{cite journal}}: |access-date= requires |url= (help)
2. Aigueperse et al. 2005, "Fluorine", p. 1.
3. Dean 1999, p. 3.29.
4. Aigueperse et al. 2005, "Fluorine", p. 2.
5. Compressed Gas Association (1999). Handbook of compressed gases. Springer. p. 365. ISBN 9780412782305. {{cite book}}: |access-date= requires |url= (help)
6. Dean 1999, p. 4.35.
7. Kim, Sung-Hoon (2006). Functional dyes. Elsevier. p. 257. ISBN 9780444521767.
8. Young, David A. (2011-06-10). Phase Diagrams of the Elements (Report). Springer. p. 10. http://www.osti.gov/bridge/servlets/purl/4010212-0BbwUC/4010212.pdfaccess.
9. Yaws & Braker 2001, p. 385.
10. Mackay, Mackay & Henderson 2002, p. 72.
11. Chiste, V.; Be, M. M. (2006). "F-18" (PDF). Table de radionucleides. Laboratoire National Henri Becquerel. Retrieved 15 June 2011.

ଆଧାର

• Dean, John A. (1999). Lange's handbook of chemistry (15th ed.). McGraw-Hill, Inc. ISBN 0-07-016190-9. {{cite book}}: Invalid |ref=harv (help)
• Emeléus, H. J.; Sharpe, A. G. (1983). Advances in inorganic chemistry and radiochemistry (27th ed.). Academic Press. ISBN 0-12-023627-3. {{cite book}}: Invalid |ref=harv (help)
• Greenwood, N. N.; Earnshaw, A. (1998). Chemistry of the elements (2nd ed.). Butterworth Heinemann. ISBN 0-7506-3365-4. {{cite book}}: Invalid |ref=harv (help)
• Hounshell, David A.; Smith, John Kelly (1988). Science and corporate strategy: DuPont R&D, 1902–1980. Cambridge University Press. ISBN 0-521-32767-9. {{cite book}}: Invalid |ref=harv (help)
• Lewars, Errol G. (2008). Modeling marvels: Computational anticipation of novel molecules. Springer. ISBN 1-4020-6972-3. {{cite book}}: Invalid |ref=harv (help)
• Lide, David R. (2004). Handbook of chemistry and physics (84th ed.). CRC Press. ISBN 0-8493-0566-7. {{cite book}}: Invalid |ref=harv (help)
• (Russian) Lidin, P. A.; Molochko, V. A.; Andreeva, L. L. (2000). Химические свойства неорганических веществ. Khimiya. ISBN 5-7245-1163-0. {{cite book}}: Invalid |ref=harv (help); Unknown parameter |trans_title= ignored (|trans-title= suggested) (help)
• Mackay, Kenneth Malcolm; Mackay, Rosemary Ann; Henderson, W. (2002). Introduction to modern inorganic chemistry (6th ed.). CRC Press. ISBN 0-7487-6420-8. {{cite book}}: Invalid |ref=harv (help)
• Wiberg, Egon; Wiberg, Nils; Holleman, Arnold Frederick (2001). Inorganic chemistry. Academic Press. ISBN 978-0-12-352651-9. Retrieved 3 March 2011. {{cite book}}: Invalid |ref=harv (help)
• Yaws, Carl L.; Braker, William (2001). "Fluorine". Matheson gas data book, Book 2001. McGraw-Hill Professional. ISBN 978-0-07-135854-5. {{cite book}}: Invalid |ref=harv (help)
• Ullmann, Franz, ed. (2005). Encyclopedia of Industrial Chemistry. Wiley-VCH. ISBN 978-3-527-30673-2.
  • Aigueperse, Jean; Mollard, Paul; Devilliers, Didier; Chemla, Marius; Faron, Robert; Romano, Renée; Cuer, Jean Pierre. "Fluorine Compounds, Inorganic". doi:10.1002/14356007. ISBN 978-3-527-30673-2. {{cite book}}: Missing or empty |title= (help)
  • Siegemund, Günter; Schwertweger, Werner; Feiring, Andrew; Smart, Bruce; Behr, Fred; Vogel, Herward; McKusick, Blain. "Fluorine Compounds, Organic". doi:10.1002/14356007.a11_349. {{cite book}}: Missing or empty |title= (help)
  • Jassaud, Michael; Faron, Robert; Devilliers, Didier; Romano, René. "Fluorine". doi:10.1002/14356007.a11_293. {{cite book}}: Missing or empty |title= (help)
  • Carlson, D. Peter; Scmiegel, Walter. "Fluoropolymers, Organic". doi:10.1002/14356007.a11_393. {{cite book}}: Missing or empty |title= (help)
• Bayerische Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg (2006). The highest oxidation states of the 5d transition metals: A quantum-chemical study (Report). Chemical Society. http://opus.bibliothek.uni-wuerzburg.de/volltexte/2006/1940/pdf/The_Highest_Oxidation_States_of_the_5d_Transition_Metals.pdf. Retrieved 20 June 2011.

ବାହାର ଲିଙ୍କ

• Fluorine at The Periodic Table of Videos (University of Nottingham)