ଅଙ୍ଗାରକ

ଅଙ୍ଗାରକ (English: Carbon;କାର୍ବନ) ହେଉଛି ଏକ ରାସାୟନିକ ମୌଳିକ, ଏହାର ପ୍ରତୀକ C, ଓ ପରମାଣୁ କ୍ରମାଙ୍କ ୬ । ଏହା ଏକ ଅଧାତୁ । ଅଙ୍ଗାରକର ତିନୋଟି ସମସ୍ଥାନିକ ଅଛନ୍ତି, ତାହା ଭିତରୁ ଦୁଇଟି ସ୍ଥିର ଓ ଅନ୍ୟଟି ତେଜସ୍କ୍ରିୟ ।

Carbon,  ₆C

Spectral lines of Carbon
ସାଧାରଣ ଗୁଣ
ନାମ, ପ୍ରତୀକ	carbon, C
Appearance	clear (diamond) & black (graphite)
ଉଚ୍ଚାରଣ	/ˈkɑːrbən/
Carbon in the periodic table
- ↑ C ↓ Si boron ← carbon → nitrogen
ପରମାଣୁ କ୍ରମାଙ୍କ (Z)	6
ଶ୍ରେଣୀ, ବ୍ଳକ	group 14 (carbon group), p-block
ପର୍ଯ୍ୟାୟ	period 2
ମୌଳିକ ପ୍ରକାର	nonmetal
ମାନକ ପରମାଣବିକ ଓଜନ (±) (Ar)	12.011(1)
ଇଲେକ୍‌ଟ୍ରୋନ୍ ବିନ୍ୟାସ	[He] 2s2 2p2
per shell	2, 4
ଭୌତିକ ଗୁଣ
ଅବସ୍ଥା	solid
Sublimation point	3915 K ​(3642 °C, ​6588 °F)
Density near r.t.	amorphous:[1] 1.8–2.1 g/cm3 diamond: 3.515 g/cm3 graphite: 2.267 g/cm3
Triple point	4600 K, ​10800[2][3] kPa
Heat of fusion	117 (graphite) kJ/mol
Molar heat capacity	6.155 (diamond) 8.517 (graphite) J/(mol·K)
Atomic properties
Oxidation states	4, 3[4], 2, 1[5], 0, −1, −2, −3, −4[6]
Electronegativity	Pauling scale: 2.55
energies	(more)
Covalent radius	77(sp³), 73(sp²), 69(sp) pm
Van der Waals radius	170 pm
Miscellanea
Crystal structure	​face-centered diamond-cubic (diamond, clear)
Speed of sound thin rod	18350 (diamond) m/s (at 20 °C)
Thermal expansion	0.8 (diamond)[7] µm/(m·K) (at 25 °C)
Thermal conductivity	900-2300 (diamond) 119-165 (graphite) W/(m·K)
Magnetic ordering	diamagnetic[8]
Young's modulus	1050 (diamond)[7] GPa
Shear modulus	478 (diamond)[7] GPa
Bulk modulus	442 (diamond)[7] GPa
Poisson ratio	0.1 (diamond)[7]
Mohs hardness	10 (diamond) 1-2 (graphite)
CAS Number	7440-44-0
ଇତିହାସ
ଆବିଷ୍କାର	Egyptians and Sumerians[9] (3750 BC)
Recognized as an element by	Antoine Lavoisier[10] (1789)
Most stable isotopes of carbon
iso NA half-life DM DE (MeV) DP 15 11C syn 20 min β+ 0.96 11B 12C 98.9% 12C is stable with 6 neutrons 13C 1.1% 13C is stable with 7 neutrons 14C trace 5730 y β− 0.15 14N
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ଧର୍ମ

ସମସ୍ଥାନିକ

ଅଙ୍ଗାରକ ଚକ୍ର

ଯୌଗିକ

ଜୈବିକ ଯୌଗିକ

ଅଜୈବିକ ଯୌଗିକ

ଇତିହାସ ଓ ନାମକରଣ

ଉତ୍ପାଦ

ଗ୍ରାଫାଇଟ୍

ହୀରା

ଆହୁରି ଦେଖନ୍ତୁ

ଆଧାର

1. Lide, D. R., ed. (2005). CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics (86th ed.). Boca Raton (FL): CRC Press. ISBN 0-8493-0486-5.
2. Haaland, D (1976). "Graphite-liquid-vapor triple point pressure and the density of liquid carbon". Carbon. 14 (6): 357. doi:10.1016/0008-6223(76)90010-5.
3. Savvatimskiy, A (2005). "Measurements of the melting point of graphite and the properties of liquid carbon (a review for 1963–2003)". Carbon. 43 (6): 1115. doi:10.1016/j.carbon.2004.12.027.
4. "Fourier Transform Spectroscopy of the System of CP" (PDF). Retrieved 2007-12-06.
5. "Fourier Transform Spectroscopy of the Electronic Transition of the Jet-Cooled CCI Free Radical" (PDF). Retrieved 2007-12-06.
6. "Carbon: Binary compounds". Retrieved 2007-12-06.
7. Properties of diamond, Ioffe Institute Database
8. Magnetic susceptibility of the elements and inorganic compounds, in Handbook of Chemistry and Physics 81st edition, CRC press.
9. "History of Carbon and Carbon Materials - Center for Applied Energy Research - University of Kentucky". Caer.uky.edu. Retrieved 2008-09-12.
10. Senese, Fred. "Who discovered carbon?". Frostburg State University. Retrieved 2007-11-24.

ବାହାର ଲିଙ୍କ

• Carbon on In Our Time at the BBC. (listen now)

• Carbon at The Periodic Table of Videos (University of Nottingham)
• Carbon on Britannica
• Extensive Carbon page at asu.edu
• Electrochemical uses of carbon Archived 2001-11-09 at the Library of Congress
• Carbon – Super Stuff. Animation with sound and interactive 3D-models. Archived 2012-11-09 at the Wayback Machine.