Passerine adalah satu sekumpulan burung dari orderPasseriformes,yang mana termasuk lebih daripada separuh dari semua spesies burung. Kadang kala ia juga dikenali sebagai burung kicau. Passerine membentuk salah satu dari order vertabrata darat yang mempunyai kepelbagaian yang paling banyak: dengan lebih daripada 5,000 spesies yang telah dikenalpasti,[1] Secara umumnya, passerine mempunyai dua kali lebih banyak spesies jika dibandingkan dengan order terbesar dalam mamalia, iaitu Rodensia. Ia mencangkupi lebih 110 keluarga, vertebrata kedua lebih banyak (selepas Perciformes).
Arah jam dari atas kanan: Kelicap Palestin (Cinnyris osea), Jay Biru (Cyanocitta cristata), Ciak Rumah (Passer domesticus), Serai Bakau (Parus major), Gagak Bertudung (Corvus cornix), Tempua Topeng Selatan (Ploceus velatus)
Nama "passerine" dan "Passeriformes" diterbitkan daripada Passer domesticus, nama saintifik bagi spesies jenis&genus ini; ciak rumah—dan dari istilah Latinpasser untuk ciak Passer dan burung-burung kecil serupanya.
Tolong bantu menterjemahkan sebahagian rencana ini. Rencana ini memerlukan kemaskini dalam Bahasa Melayu piawai Dewan Bahasa dan Pustaka. Sila membantu, bahan-bahan boleh didapati di Passeriformes(Inggeris).
Jika anda ingin menilai rencana ini, anda mungkin mahu menyemak di terjemahan Google. Walau bagaimanapun, jangan menambah terjemahan automatik kepada rencana, kerana ini biasanya mempunyai kualiti yang sangat teruk. Sumber-sumber bantuan:Pusat Rujukan Persuratan Melayu.
Ren Batu New Zealand (Xenicus gilviventris), satu dari dua spesies yang masih tinggal dalam suborder Acanthisitti
Senarai berikut adalah dalam susunan taksonomik, dengan meletakkan keluarga yang berkaitan dalam susunan berikutnya. Keluarga yang disenaraikan di sini adalah yang telah diakui oleh Kesatuan Ahli Ornitologi Antarabangsa (IOC).[2] Susunan dan divisyen ke dalam infraorder, parvorder dan superfamili berdasarkan analisis filogenetik yang diterbitkan oleh Carl Oliveros dan rakan-rakan beliau pada tahun 2019.[3][lower-alpha 1] Hubungan antara keluarga dalam suborder Tyranni (suboscine) kesemuanya telah ditentukan akan tetapi beberapa nod-nod dalam Passeri (oscine) adalah tidak jelas ekoran pemisahan jurai yang pantas.[3]
Dickinson, E.C.; Christidis, L., penyunting (2014). The Howard & Moore Complete Checklist of the Birds of the World. Volume 2: Passerines (ed.4th). Eastbourne, UK: Aves Press. ISBN978-0-9568611-2-2. |volume= has extra text (bantuan)
Dickinson, E.C.; Christidis, L., penyunting (2014). The Howard & Moore Complete Checklist of the Birds of the World. Volume 2: Passerines (ed.4th). Eastbourne, UK: Aves Press. m/s.358. ISBN978-0-9568611-2-2. |volume= has extra text (bantuan)
Barker, F. Keith; Barrowclough, George F. & Groth, Jeff G. (2002): A phylogenetic hypothesis for passerine birds: taxonomic and biogeographic implications of an analysis of nuclear DNA sequence data. Proc. R. Soc. B '269'(1488): 295–308. doi:10.1098/rspb.2001.1883PDF fulltext
Beresford, P.; Barker, F.K.; Ryan, P.G. & Crowe, T.M. (2005): African endemics span the tree of songbirds (Passeri): molecular systematics of several evolutionary 'enigmas'. Proc. Roy. Soc. Lond. B '272'(1565): 849–858. DOI:10.1098/rspb.2004.2997PDF fulltextElectronic appendix[pautan mati kekal]
Boles, Walter E. (1997): Fossil Songbirds (Passeriformes) from the Early Eocene of Australia. Emu '97'(1): 43–50. doi:10.1071/MU97004
Cibois, Alice; Slikas, Beth; Schulenberg, Thomas S. & Pasquet, Eric (2001): An endemic radiation of Malagasy songbirds is revealed by mitochondrial DNA sequence data. Evolution '55'(6): 1198–1206. DOI:10.1554/0014-3820(2001)055[1198:AEROMS]2.0.CO;2 PDF fulltextDiarkibkan 2006-05-21 di Wayback Machine
del Hoyo, J.; Elliot, A. & Christie, D. (eds.) (2003): Handbook of the Birds of the World (Vol. 8: Broadbills to Tapaculos). Lynx Edicions. ISBN 8487334504
del Hoyo, J.; Elliot, A. & Christie, D. (eds.) (2004): Handbook of the Birds of the World (Vol. 9: Cotingas to Pipits and Wagtails. Lynx Edicions). ISBN 8487334695
del Hoyo, J.; Elliot, A. & Christie, D. (eds.) (2005): Handbook of the Birds of the World (Vol. 10: Cuckoo-Shrikes to Thrushes. Lynx Edicions). ISBN 8487334725
del Hoyo, J.; Elliot, A. & Christie, D. (eds.) (2006): Handbook of the Birds of the World (Vol. 11: Old World Flycatchers to Old World Warblers). Lynx Edicions. ISBN 849655306X
del Hoyo, J.; Elliot, A. & Christie, D. (eds.) (2007): Handbook of the Birds of the World (Vol. 12: Picathartes to Tits and Chickadees). Lynx Edicions. ISBN 9788496553422
Dickinson, E.C. (ed.) (2003): The Howard and Moore complete checklist of the birds of the World (3rd edition). Christopher Helm, London. ISBN 071366536X
Gál, Erika; Hír, János; Kessler, Eugén & Kókay, József (1998–99): Középsõ-miocén õsmaradványok, a Mátraszõlõs, Rákóczi-kápolna alatti útbevágásból. I. A Mátraszõlõs 1. lelõhely [Middle Miocene fossils from the sections at the Rákóczi chapel at Mátraszőlős. Locality Mátraszõlõs I.]. Folia Historico Naturalia Musei Matraensis '23': 33–78. [Hungarian with English abstract] PDF fulltext
Gál, Erika; Hír, János; Kessler, Eugén, Kókay, József & Márton, Venczel (2000): Középsõ-miocén õsmaradványok a Mátraszõlõs, Rákóczi-kápolna alatti útbevágásból II. A Mátraszõlõs 2. lelõhely [Middle Miocene fossils from the section of the road at the Rákóczi Chapel, Mátraszõlõs. II. Locality Mátraszõlõs 2]. Folia Historico Naturalia Musei Matraensis '24': 39–75. [Hungarian with English abstract] PDF fulltext
Hír, János; Kókay, József; Venczel, Márton; Gál, Erika & GKessler, Eugén (2001): Elõzetes beszámoló a felsõtárkányi "Güdör-kert" n. õslénytani lelõhelykomplex újravizsgálatáról [A preliminary report on the revised investigation of the paleontological locality-complex "Güdör-kert" at Felsõtárkány, Northern Hungary)] Folia Historico Naturalia Musei Matraensis '25': 41–64 [Hungarian with English abstract]. PDF fulltext
Hugueney, Marguerite; Berthet, Didier; Bodergat, Anne-Marie; Escuillié, François; Mourer-Chauviré, Cécile & Wattinne, Aurélia (2003): La limite Oligocène-Miocène en Limagne: changements fauniques chez les mammifères, oiseaux et ostracodes des différents niveaux de Billy-Créchy (Allier, France) [The Oligocene-Miocene boundary in Limagne: faunal changes in the mammals, birds and ostracods from the different levels of Billy-Créchy (Allier, France)] [French with English abstract]. Geobios '36'(6): 719–731. doi:10.1016/j.geobios.2003.01.002 (HTML abstract)
Johansson, Ulf S. & Ericson, Per G.P. (2003): Molecular support for a sister group relationship between Pici and Galbulae (Piciformes sensu Wetmore 1960). J. Avian Biol. '34'(2): 185–197. doi:10.1034/j.1600-048X.2003.03103.xPDF fulltext
Jønsson, Knud A. & Fjeldså, Jon (2006): A phylogenetic supertree of oscine passerine birds (Aves: Passeri). Zool. Scripta '35'(2): 149–186. doi:10.1111/j.1463-6409.2006.00221.x (HTML abstract)
Lovette, Irby J.& Bermingham, Eldredge (2000): c-mos Variation in Songbirds: Molecular Evolution, Phylogenetic Implications, and Comparisons with Mitochondrial Differentiation. Mol. Biol. Evol. '17'(10): 1569–1577. PDF fulltext
Mayr, Gerald & Manegold, Albrecht (2006): A Small Suboscine-like Passeriform Bird from the Early Oligocene of France. Condor '108'(3): 717–720. [English with Spanish abstract] DOI:10.1650/0010-5422(2006)108[717:ASSPBF]2.0.CO;2 HTML abstract
Manegold, Albrecht; Mayr, Gerald & Mourer-Chauviré, Cécile (2004): Miocene Songbirds and the Composition of the European Passeriform Avifauna. Auk '121'(4): 1155–1160. [English with Spanish abstract] DOI:10.1642/0004-8038(2004)121[1155:MSATCO]2.0.CO;2 Imageless HTML fulltext
Noriega, Jorge I. & Chiappe, Luis M. (1991): El más antiguo Passeriformes de America del Sur. Presentation at VIII Journadas Argentinas de Paleontologia de Vertebrados ["The most ancient passerine from South America"]. [Spanish] Abstract in Ameghiniana '28'(3–4): 410. Google Books fulltext
Noriega, Jorge I. & Chiappe, Luis M. (1993): An Early Miocene Passeriform from Argentina. Auk '110'(4): 936–938. PDF fulltextDjVu fulltext
Roux, T. (2002): Deux fossiles d'oiseaux de l'Oligocène inférieur du Luberon ["Two bird fossils from the Lower Oligocene of Luberon"]. [French[pengesahan diperlukan]] Courrier Scientifique du Parc Naturel Régional du Luberon '6': 38–57.
Worthy, Trevor H.; Tennyson, A.J.D.; Jones, C.; McNamara, J.A. & Douglas, B.J. (2007): Miocene waterfowl and other birds from central Otago, New Zealand. J. Syst. Palaeontol. '5'(1): 1–39. doi:10.1017/S1477201906001957 (HTML abstract)
Oliveros et al (2019) use the list of families published by Dickinson and Christidis in 2014.[3][4] Oliveros et al include 10 families that are not included on the IOC list. These are not shown here. By contrast, the IOC list includes nine families that are not present in Dickinson and Christidis. In eight of these cases, the position of the additional family in the taxonomic order can be determined from the species included by Oliveros and colleagues in their analysis. No species in the family Teretistridae was sampled by Oliveros et al so its position is uncertain.[2][3]
Susunan famili dalam superfamili Orioloidea tidak dapat dipastikan.[3]
Susunan famili dalam superfamili Malaconotoidea is uncertain.[3]
Susunan famili dalam superfamili Corvoidea is uncertain.[3]
The taxonomic sequence of the superfamilies Locustelloidea, Sylvioidea and Aegithaloidea is uncertain, although the order of the families within each of the superfamilies is well determined.[3]
The order of some of the families within the superfamili Emberizoidea is uncertain.[3]
The family Teretistridae (cekup Cuba) diletakkan sementara di sini. The family was not included in the analysis published by Oliveros et al (2019).[3] Dickinson and Christidis (2014) considered the genus TeretistrisIncertae sedis.[6] Barker et al (2013) found that Teretistridae is closely related to Zeledoniidae.[5]
Wikiwand in your browser!
Seamless Wikipedia browsing. On steroids.
Every time you click a link to Wikipedia, Wiktionary or Wikiquote in your browser's search results, it will show the modern Wikiwand interface.
Wikiwand extension is a five stars, simple, with minimum permission required to keep your browsing private, safe and transparent.