ലോകാരോഗ്യസംഘടന നിർമ്മിച്ച അടിസ്ഥാന മരുന്നുകളുടെ മാതൃക പട്ടിക ആണ് ചുവടെ . ഈ പട്ടിക ആദ്യം പ്രസീദ്ധികരിക്കുന്നത് 1977 ൽ 204 മരുന്നുകളോടെ ആണ് .[1] ഇത് എല്ലാ രണ്ടുവർഷം കൂടുപ്പോഴും പുതുകുന്നു. 2007 മുതൽ 12 വയസ് വരെ ഉള്ള കുട്ടികളുടെ മരുന്നിനു മറ്റൊരു പട്ടികയും പ്രസീദ്ധികരിച്ച് വരുന്നു.[2] ഈ പട്ടികയുടെ 18-മത്തെ പതിപ്പ് ഏപ്രിൽ 2013-ൽ പ്രസീദ്ധികരിച്ചു.
2017 marked the 40th anniversary of the WHO Model List of Essential Medicines.
താഴെ കാണുന്ന പട്ടിക ഇതിന്റെ ഏപ്രിൽ 2015-ൽ നിർമ്മിച്ച19-മത്തെ പതിപ്പിനെ ആസ്പദമാക്കിയാണ്.[3] [4]
ഈ ലേഖനത്തിലെ ഖണ്ഡികയോ, ലേഖനത്തിന്റെ ഒരു ഭാഗമോ മലയാളത്തിലേക്ക് വിവർത്തനം ചെയ്യേണ്ടതാണ്. താങ്കൾക്ക് താഴെയുള്ള ഭാഷയിൽനിന്ന് വിവർത്തനം ചെയ്യാമെന്നുറപ്പുണ്ടെങ്കിൽ, സധൈര്യം ഈ താൾ തിരുത്തി വിവർത്തനം ചെയ്യാവുന്നതാണ്.
ജനറൽ അനസ്തീഷിയ മരുന്നുക്കളും ഓക്സിജനും
വാതകരൂപത്തിലുള്ള മരുന്നുക്കൾ
കുത്തിവെക്കുന്ന മരുന്നുക്കൾ
ലോക്കൽ അനസ്തീഷിയ മരുന്നുക്കൾ
ബൂപിവാകെയ്ൻ
Lidocaine
Lidocaine + epinephrine
Ephedrine † (not a local anaesthetic, included in this list for prevention of hypotension associated with spinal anaesthesia during caesarean section)
Preoperative medication and sedation for short-term procedures
Nonopioids and nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs)
Medicines for other common symptoms in palliative care
Amitriptyline
Cyclizine
Dexamethasone
ഡയസെപാം
Docusate sodium
Fluoxetine
Haloperidol
Hyoscine butylbromide
Hyoscine hydrobromide
Lactulose
Loperamide
Metoclopramide
Midazolam
Ondansetron
Senna
Dexamethasone
Epinephrine (adrenaline)
Hydrocortisone
Loratadine [note 4]
Prednisolone
Specific
Acetylcysteine
Atropine
Calcium gluconate
Methylthioninium chloride (methylene blue)
Naloxone
Penicillamine
Potassium ferric hexacyanoferrate(II) ‐ 2H2 O (Prussian blue)
Sodium nitrite
Sodium thiosulfate
Deferoxamine †
Dimercaprol †
Fomepizole †
Sodium calcium edetate †
Succimer †
Antihelminthics
Intestinal antihelminthics
Albendazole
Levamisole
Mebendazole
Niclosamide
Praziquantel
Pyrantel
Antischistosomals and other antinematode medicines
Praziquantel
Triclabendazole
Oxamniquine †
Antibacterials
Antileprosy medicines
Clofazimine
Dapsone
Rifampicin
Antituberculosis medicines
ആന്റി ഫംഗസ് മരുന്നുകൾ
Amphotericin B
Clotrimazole
Fluconazole
Flucytosine
Griseofulvin
Nystatin
Potassium iodide †
Antiviral medicines
Antiretrovirals
Nucleoside/nucleotide reverse transcriptase inhibitors
Abacavir (ABC)
Lamivudine (3TC)
Stavudine (d4T)
Tenofovir disoproxil fumarate (TDF)
Zidovudine (ZDV or AZT)
Non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors
Efavirenz (EGV or EFZ)
Nevirapine (NVP)
Protease inhibitors
Atazanavir
Darunavir
Lopinavir + ritonavir (LPV/r)
Ritonavir
Saquinavir (SQV)
Fixed-dose combinations
Abacavir + lamivudine
Efavirenz + emtricitabine [note 19] + tenofovir
Emtricitabine [note 19] + tenofovir
Lamivudine + nevirapine + stavudine
Lamivudine + nevirapine + zidovudine
Lamivudine + zidovudine
Antihepatitis medicines
Medicines for hepatitis B
—Nucleoside/Nucleotide reverse transcriptase inhibitors
Entecavir
Tenofovir disoproxil fumarate (TDF)
Medicines for hepatitis C
—Nucleotide polymerase inhibitors
—Protease inhibitors
—NS5A inhibitors
—Non-nucleoside polymerase inhibitors
—Other antivirals
—Fixed-dose combinations
Ledipasvir + Sofosbuvir
Ombitasvir + Paritaprevir + Ritonavir
Antiprotozoal medicines
Antiamoebic and antigiardiasis medicines
Antileishmaniasis medicines
Amphotericin B
Miltefosine
Paromomycin
Sodium stibogluconate or meglumine antimoniate
Antipneumocystosis and antitoxoplasmosis medicines
Pyrimethamine
Sulfadiazine
Sulfamethoxazole + trimethoprim
Pentamidine †
Antitrypanosomal medicines
African trypanosomiasis
Medicines for the treatment of 1st stage African trypanosomiasis
Medicines for the treatment of second stage African trypanosomiasis
Immunosuppressive medicines
Azathioprine †
Ciclosporin †
Cytotoxic and adjuvant medicines
All-trans retinoic acid †
Allopurinol †
Asparaginase †
Bendamustine †
Bleomycin †
Calcium folinate †
Capecitabine †
Carboplatin †
Chlorambucil †
Cisplatin †
Cyclophosphamide †
Cytarabine †
Dacarbazine †
Dactinomycin †
Daunorubicin †
Docetaxel †
Doxorubicin †
Etoposide †
Fludarabine †
Fluorouracil †
Filgrastim †
Gemcitabine †
Hydroxycarbamide †
Ifosfamide †
ഇമാറ്റിനിബ് †
Irinotecan †
Mercaptopurine †
Mesna †
Methotrexate †
Oxaliplatin †
Paclitaxel †
Procarbazine †
Rituximab †
Thioguanine †
Trastuzumab †
Vinblastine †
Vincristine †
Vinorelbine †
Hormones and antihormones
Anastrozole †
Bicalutamide †
Dexamethasone †
Hydrocortisone †
Leuprorelin †
Methylprednisolone †
Prednisolone †
Tamoxifen †
Biperiden
Levodopa + carbidopa
Antianaemia medicines
Ferrous salt
Ferrous salt + folic acid
Folic acid
Hydroxocobalamin
Medicines affecting coagulation
Enoxaparin
Heparin sodium
Phytomenadione
Protamine sulfate
Tranexamic acid
Warfarin
Desmopressin †
Other medicines for haemoglobinopathies
Blood and blood components
Plasma-derived medicines
Human immunoglobulins
Anti-D immunoglobulin
Anti-rabies immunoglobulin
Anti-tetanus immunoglobulin
Human normal immunoglobulin †
Blood coagulation factors
Coagulation factor VIII †
Coagulation factor IX †
Antihypertensive medicines
Medicines used in heart failure
Bisoprolol [note 43]
Digoxin
Enalapril
Furosemide
Hydrochlorothiazide
Spironolactone
ഡോപാമിൻ †
Antifungal medicines
Miconazole
Selenium sulfide
Sodium thiosulfate
Terbinafine
Anti-inflammatory and antipruritic medicines
Medicines affecting skin differentiation and proliferation
Scabicides and pediculicides
Benzyl benzoate
Permethrin
Amidotrizoate
Barium sulfate
Iohexol
Meglumine iotroxate †
Disinfectants
Alcohol based hand rub
ക്ലോറിൻ base compound
Chloroxylenol
Glutaral
Amiloride
Furosemide
Hydrochlorothiazide
Mannitol
Spironolactone
Antiemetic medicines
Dexamethasone
Metoclopramide
Ondansetron
Anti-inflammatory medicines
Sulfasalazine
Hydrocortisone †
Medicines used in diarrhea
Medicines for diarrhoea in children
അഡ്രിനൽ ഹോർമോണുകളും അവയുടെ കൃത്രിമ ബദലുകളും
Fludrocortisone
ഹൈഡ്രോകോർട്ടിസോൺ
Contraceptives
Oral hormonal contraceptives
Ethinylestradiol + levonorgestrel
Ethinylestradiol + norethisterone
Levonorgestrel
Injectable hormonal contraceptives
Estradiol cypionate + medroxyprogesterone acetate
Medroxyprogesterone acetate
Norethisterone enantate
Implantable contraceptives
Etonogestrel —releasing implant
Levonorgestrel —releasing implant
Intravaginal contraceptives
Insulins and other medicines used for diabetes
Progestogens
Medroxyprogesterone acetate
Thyroid hormones and antithyroid medicines
Levothyroxine
Potassium iodide
Propylthiouracil
Lugol's solution †
Diagnostic agents
Tuberculin , purified protein derivative (PPD)
Atracurium
Neostigmine
Suxamethonium
Vecuronium
Pyridostigmine †
Miotics and antiglaucoma medicines
Acetazolamide
Latanoprost
Pilocarpine
Timolol
Anti vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF)
Oxytocics
Ergometrine
Misoprostol
Oxytocin
Mifepristone – misoprostol † [note 53]
Antioxytocics (tocolytics)
Intraperitoneal dialysis solution (of appropriate composition)†
Medicines used in psychotic disorders
Chlorpromazine
Fluphenazine
Haloperidol
Risperidone
Clozapine †
Medicines used in mood disorders
Medicines used in depressive disorders
Medicines used in bipolar disorders
Carbamazepine
Lithium carbonate
Valproic acid (sodium valproate )
Medicines for anxiety disorders
Medicines used for obsessive compulsive disorders
Medicines for disorders due to psychoactive substance use
Antiasthmatic and medicines for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
Beclomethasone
Budesonide
Epinephrine (adrenaline)
Ipratropium bromide
Salbutamol
Oral
Oral rehydration salts
ഇന്തുപ്പ്
Medicines administered to the neonate
Medicines administered to the mother
Medicines used to treat gout
Disease-modifying agents used in rheumatoid disorders
^ A † indicates the medicine is a complementary item, for which specialized diagnostic or monitoring and/or specialist training are needed. An item may also be listed as complementary on the basis of higher costs and/or a less attractive cost/benefit ratio.
Thiopental may be used as an alternative depending on local
availability and cost.
Not recommended for anti‐inflammatory use due to lack of proven benefit to that effect
Alternatives limited to hydromorphone and oxycodone.
There may be a role for sedating antihistamines for limited indications (EMLc)
For use in eclampsia and severe pre‐eclampsia and not for other convulsant disorders.
For surgical prophylaxis.
Only listed for single‐dose treatment of uncomplicated ano‐genital gonorrhoea.
Do not administer with calcium and avoid in infants with hyperbilirubinemia
Procaine benzylpenicillin is not recommended as first-line treatment for neonatal sepsis except in settings with high neonatal mortality, when given by trained health workers in cases where hospital care is not achievable.
3rd generation cephalosporin of choice for use in hospitalized neonates.
Only listed for the treatment of life‐threatening hospital‐based infection due to suspected or proven multidrug‐resistant infection
Only listed for single‐dose treatment of genital Chlamydia trachomatis and of trachoma.
For use in combination regimens for eradication of H. pylori in adults.
For use only in patients with HIV receiving protease inhibitors.
For treatment of latent TB infection (LTBI ) only
Terizidone may be an alternative.
Prothionamide may be an alternative.
Ofloxacin and moxifloxacin may be alternatives based on availability and programme considerations.
FTC is an acceptable alternative to 3TC, based on knowledge of the pharmacology, the resistance patterns and clinical trials of antiretrovirals.
Potentially severe or complicated illness due to confirmed or suspected influenza virus infection in accordance with WHO treatment guidelines.
For the treatment of viral haemorrhagic fevers and in combination with pegylated interferons for the treatment of Hepatitis C.
For the treatment of hepatitis C, in combination with peginterferon and/or direct acting anti-viral medicines.
To be used in combination with ribavirin.
To be used in combination with artesunate 50 mg.
For use in the management of severe malaria.
Not recommended in the first trimester of pregnancy or in children below 5 kg.
To be used in combination with either amodiaquine, mefloquine or sulfadoxine + pyrimethamine.
Other combinations that deliver the target doses required such as 153 mg or 200 mg (as hydrochloride) with 50 mg artesunate can be alternatives.
For use only for the treatment of P.vivax infection.
For use only in combination with quinine.
To be used in combination with artesunate 50 mg.
Only for use to achieve radical cure of P.vivax and P.ovale infections, given for 14 days.
For use only in the management of severe malaria, and should be used in combination with doxycycline.
Only in combination with artesunate 50 mg.
For use only in central American regions, for use for P.vivax.
For use only in combination with chloroquine.
To be used for the treatment of Trypanosoma brucei gambiense infection.
To be used for the treatment of the initial phase of Trypanosoma brucei rhodesiense infection.
To be used for the treatment of Trypanosoma brucei gambiense infection
Only to be used in combination with eflornithine, for the treatment of T. b. gambiense infection.
Deferasirox oral form may be an alternative, depending on cost and availability.
Polygeline, injectable solution, 3.5% is considered as equivalent.
Includes metoprolol and carvedilol as alternatives.
Hydralazine is listed for use in the acute management of severe pregnancy‐induced hypertension only. Its use in the treatment of essential hypertension is not recommended in view of the availability of more evidence of efficacy and safety of other medicines.
Methyldopa is listed for use in the management of pregnancy‐induced hypertension only. Its use in the treatment of essential hypertension is not recommended in view of the availability of more evidence of efficacy and safety of other medicines.
For use in high‐risk patients.
In acute diarrhoea zinc sulfate should be used as an adjunct to oral rehydration salts
Glibenclamide not suitable above 60 years.
Exact type to be defined locally.
Recommended for some high-risk populations
Recommended for certain regions
Or homatropine (hydrobromide) or cyclopentolate (hydrochloride).
Requires close medical supervision.
Ergocalciferol can be used as an alternative.
For use for rheumatic fever, juvenile arthritis, Kawasaki disease