മരക്കൊമ്പിലിരിക്കാൻ പാകത്തിൽ കാലുകൾ സംവിധാനം ചെയ്തിരിക്കുന്ന പക്ഷികൾ ഉൾപ്പെടുന്ന പക്ഷികുലമാണ് പാസെറൈൻ അഥവാ ചേക്കയിരിക്കുന്ന പക്ഷികൾ. പാടുന്ന പക്ഷികൾ (songbirds) എന്നും ഇവയെ വിശേഷിപ്പിച്ച് കാണാറുണ്ട്. ഈ പക്ഷികളുടെ സവിശേഷമായ കാൽ വിരലുകൾ, (മൂന്ന് വിരലുകൾ മുന്നോട്ടും ഒന്ന് പിറകോട്ടും) മരക്കൊമ്പിൽ അള്ളിപ്പിടിച്ചിരിക്കുവാൻ സഹായിക്കുന്നു. പക്ഷിവർഗത്തിൽ പകുതിയിൽ അധികവും ഈ നിരയിൽ പെടുന്നവയാണ്. 110 ഓളം കുടുംബങ്ങളിലായി അയ്യായിരത്തോളം അംഗങ്ങളുള്ള പാസെറിഫോമേസ് എണ്ണത്തിൽ നട്ടെല്ലുള്ളജീവികളിൾ രണ്ടാമത്തെ നിരയാണ്. പാസെറൈൻ പക്ഷികുലത്തിൽപ്പെടുന്ന ഒരു പക്ഷിയാണ് പിറ്റ.
വസ്തുതകൾ ശാസ്ത്രീയ വർഗ്ഗീകരണം, Suborders ...
അടയ്ക്കുക
കൂടുതൽ വിവരങ്ങൾ Passeriformes classification ...
Passeriformes classification |
|
Acanthisitti |
|
|
Eupasseres |
Tyranni |
Eurylaimides |
|
?Sapayoidae |
|
|
|
|
|
|
Philepittidae |
|
|
Eurylaimidae |
|
|
|
|
|
Tyrannides |
Tyrannida |
|
Pipridae |
|
|
|
Cotingidae |
|
|
|
|
Tityridae |
|
|
|
Oxyruncidae |
|
|
Onychorhynchidae |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Tyrannidae |
|
|
|
Pipritidae |
|
|
|
Platyrinchidae |
|
|
|
Tachurididae |
|
|
Rhynchocyclidae |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Furnariida |
|
|
Melanopareiidae |
|
|
|
Thamnophilidae |
|
|
Conopophagidae |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Grallariidae |
|
|
|
Rhinocryptidae |
|
|
|
Formicariidae |
|
|
Furnariidae |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Passeri |
Menurides |
|
Atrichornithidae |
|
|
Menuridae |
|
|
|
Euoscines |
Climacterides |
|
Ptilonorhynchidae |
|
|
Climacteridae |
|
|
|
|
Meliphagides |
|
Maluridae |
|
|
|
Dasyornithidae |
|
|
|
Pardalotidae |
|
|
Meliphagidae |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Orthonychides |
|
Orthonychidae |
|
|
Pomatostomidae |
|
|
|
|
Corvides |
|
Cinclosomatidae |
|
|
|
Campephagidae |
|
|
|
|
|
|
Orioloidea |
|
Eulacestomidae |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Pachycephalidae |
|
|
Oriolidae |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Malaconotoidea |
|
Machaerirhynchidae |
|
|
|
Artamidae |
|
|
|
Rhagologidae |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Aegithinidae |
|
|
|
Pityriaseidae |
|
|
Malaconotidae |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Corvoidea |
|
?Dicruridae |
|
|
|
Rhipiduridae |
|
|
Lamproliidae |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Passerides |
Melanocharitida |
Melanocharitidae |
|
|
Cnemophilida |
Cnemophilidae |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Core Passerides |
Sylviida |
Paroidea |
|
|
Sylvioidea |
|
|
|
|
|
Macrosphenidae |
|
|
|
|
Cisticolidae |
|
|
|
|
Pnoepygidae |
|
|
Acrocephalidae |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Hirundinidae |
|
|
Pycnonotidae |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Sylviidae |
|
|
Paradoxornithidae |
|
|
|
|
|
Zosteropidae |
|
|
|
Timaliidae |
|
|
|
Pellorneidae |
|
|
Leiothrichidae |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Muscicapida |
Reguloidea |
Regulidae |
|
Bombycilloidea |
|
|
Certhioidea |
|
|
|
|
|
Certhiidae |
|
|
|
Troglodytidae |
|
|
Polioptilidae |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Muscicapoidea |
|
|
|
|
Passerida |
|
Promeropidae |
|
|
|
Arcanatoridae |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Urocynchramidae |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Peucedramidae |
|
|
Prunellidae |
|
|
|
|
Estrild clade |
|
|
Passerid clade |
|
Passeridae |
|
|
|
Motacillidae |
|
|
|
Fringillidae |
|
|
|
Calcariidae |
|
|
|
Rhodinocichlidae |
|
|
|
|
Emberizidae |
|
|
Passerellidae |
|
|
|
?Zeledonia |
|
|
?Teretistris |
|
|
Phaenicophilidae |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Mitrospingidae |
|
|
Cardinalidae |
|
|
Thraupidae |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
അടയ്ക്കുക
- Alström, Per; Ericson, Per G.P.; Olsson, Urban; Sundberg, Per (2006). "Phylogeny and classification of the avian superfamily Sylvioidea". Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution. 38 (2): 381–397. doi:10.1016/j.ympev.2005.05.015. PMID 16054402.
- Barker, F. Keith; Barrowclough, George F.; Groth, Jeff G. (2002). "A phylogenetic hypothesis for passerine birds: taxonomic and biogeographic implications of an analysis of nuclear DNA sequence data" (PDF). Proceedings of the Royal Society B. 269 (1488): 295–308. doi:10.1098/rspb.2001.1883. PMC 1690884. PMID 11839199. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2008-05-11. Retrieved 2018-07-28.
- Barker, F. Keith; Cibois, Alice; Schikler, Peter A.; Feinstein, Julie; Cracraft, Joel (2004). "Phylogeny and diversification of the largest avian radiation". PNAS. 101 (30): 11040–11045. doi:10.1073/pnas.0401892101. PMC 503738. PMID 15263073. Supporting information Archived 2008-06-25 at the Wayback Machine.
- Beresford, P.; Barker, F.K.; Ryan, P.G.; Crowe, T.M. (2005). "African endemics span the tree of songbirds (Passeri): molecular systematics of several evolutionary 'enigmas'" (PDF). Proceedings of the Royal Society B. 272 (1565): 849–858. doi:10.1098/rspb.2004.2997. PMC 1599865. PMID 15888418. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2017-05-06. Retrieved 2018-07-28. Electronic appendix[പ്രവർത്തിക്കാത്ത കണ്ണി]
- Boles, Walter E. (1997). "Fossil Songbirds (Passeriformes) from the Early Eocene of Australia". Emu. 97 (1): 43–50. doi:10.1071/MU97004.
- Cibois, Alice; Slikas, Beth; Schulenberg, Thomas S.; Pasquet, Eric (2001). "An endemic radiation of Malagasy songbirds is revealed by mitochondrial DNA sequence data" (PDF). Evolution. 55 (6): 1198–1206. doi:10.1554/0014-3820(2001)055[1198:AEROMS]2.0.CO;2. Archived from the original (PDF) on 21 മേയ് 2006.
- Claramunt, S.; Cracraft, J. (2015). "A new time tree reveals Earth history's imprint on the evolution of modern birds". Science Advances. 1 (11). doi:10.1126/sciadv.1501005. PMC 4730849. PMID 26824065.
- del Hoyo, J.; Elliot, A. & Christie, D. (eds.) (2003): Handbook of the Birds of the World (Vol. 8: Broadbills to Tapaculos). Lynx Edicions. ISBN 84-87334-50-4
- del Hoyo, J.; Elliot, A. & Christie, D. (eds.) (2004): Handbook of the Birds of the World (Vol. 9: Cotingas to Pipits and Wagtails. Lynx Edicions). ISBN 84-87334-69-5
- del Hoyo, J.; Elliot, A. & Christie, D. (eds.) (2005): Handbook of the Birds of the World (Vol. 10: Cuckoo-Shrikes to Thrushes. Lynx Edicions). ISBN 84-87334-72-5
- del Hoyo, J.; Elliot, A. & Christie, D. (eds.) (2006): Handbook of the Birds of the World (Vol. 11: Old World Flycatchers to Old World Warblers). Lynx Edicions. ISBN 84-96553-06-X
- del Hoyo, J.; Elliot, A. & Christie, D. (eds.) (2007): Handbook of the Birds of the World (Vol. 12: Picathartes to Tits and Chickadees). Lynx Edicions. ISBN 978-84-96553-42-2
- Dickinson, E.C. (ed.) (2003): The Howard and Moore complete checklist of the birds of the World (3rd edition). Christopher Helm, London. ISBN 0-7136-6536-X
- Ericson, Per G.P.; Johansson, Ulf S. (2003). "Phylogeny of Passerida (Aves: Passeriformes) based on nuclear and mitochondrial sequence data". Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution. 29 (1): 126–138. doi:10.1016/S1055-7903(03)00067-8. Archived from the original on 2016-04-12. Retrieved 2018-07-28.
- Gál, Erika; Hír, János; Kessler, Eugén; Kókay, József (1998–99). "Középsõ-miocén õsmaradványok, a Mátraszõlõs, Rákóczi-kápolna alatti útbevágásból. I. A Mátraszõlõs 1. lelõhely" [Middle Miocene fossils from the sections at the Rákóczi chapel at Mátraszőlős. Locality Mátraszõlõs I.] (PDF). Folia Historico Naturalia Musei Matraensis. 23: 33–78.
- Gál, Erika; Hír, János; Kessler, Eugén, Kókay, József; Márton, Venczel (2000). "Középsõ-miocén õsmaradványok a Mátraszõlõs, Rákóczi-kápolna alatti útbevágásból II. A Mátraszõlõs 2. lelõhely" [Middle Miocene fossils from the section of the road at the Rákóczi Chapel, Mátraszõlõs. II. Locality Mátraszõlõs 2] (PDF). Folia Historico Naturalia Musei Matraensis. 24: 39–75. CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
- Hír, János; Kókay, József; Venczel, Márton; Gál, Erika; GKessler, Eugén (2001). "Elõzetes beszámoló a felsõtárkányi "Güdör-kert" n. õslénytani lelõhelykomplex újravizsgálatáról" [A preliminary report on the revised investigation of the paleontological locality-complex "Güdör-kert" at Felsõtárkány, Northern Hungary]. Folia Historico Naturalia Musei Matraensis. 25: 41–64.
- Hugueney, Marguerite; Berthet, Didier; Bodergat, Anne-Marie; Escuillié, François; Mourer-Chauviré, Cécile; Wattinne, Aurélia (2003). "La limite Oligocène-Miocène en Limagne: changements fauniques chez les mammifères, oiseaux et ostracodes des différents niveaux de Billy-Créchy (Allier, France)" [The Oligocene-Miocene boundary in Limagne: faunal changes in the mammals, birds and ostracods from the different levels of Billy-Créchy (Allier, France)]. Geobios. 36 (6): 719–731. doi:10.1016/j.geobios.2003.01.002.
- Johansson, Ulf S.; Ericson, Per G.P. (2003). "Molecular support for a sister group relationship between Pici and Galbulae (Piciformes sensu Wetmore 1960)" (PDF). Journal of Avian Biology. 34 (2): 185–197. doi:10.1034/j.1600-048X.2003.03103.x. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2018-10-04. Retrieved 2018-07-28.
- Jønsson, Knud A.; Fjeldså, Jon (2006). "A phylogenetic supertree of oscine passerine birds (Aves: Passeri)". Zoologica Scripta. 35 (2): 149–186. doi:10.1111/j.1463-6409.2006.00221.x.
- Lovette, Irby J.; Bermingham, Eldredge (2000). "c-mos Variation in Songbirds: Molecular Evolution, Phylogenetic Implications, and Comparisons with Mitochondrial Differentiation". Molecular Biology and Evolution. 17 (10): 1569–1577. doi:10.1093/oxfordjournals.molbev.a026255.
- Mayr, Gerald; Manegold, Albrecht (2006). "A Small Suboscine-like Passeriform Bird from the Early Oligocene of France". Condor. 108 (3): 717–720. doi:10.1650/0010-5422(2006)108[717:ASSPBF]2.0.CO;2.
- Manegold, Albrecht; Mayr, Gerald; Mourer-Chauviré, Cécile (2004). "Miocene Songbirds and the Composition of the European Passeriform Avifauna". Auk. 121 (4): 1155–1160. doi:10.1642/0004-8038(2004)121[1155:MSATCO]2.0.CO;2.
- Noriega, Jorge I.; Chiappe, Luis M. (1991). "El más antiguo Passeriformes de America del Sur. Presentation at VIII Journadas Argentinas de Paleontologia de Vertebrados" [The most ancient passerine from South America]. Ameghiniana. 28 (3–4): 410.
- Noriega, Jorge I.; Chiappe, Luis M. (1993). "An Early Miocene Passeriform from Argentina" (PDF). Auk. 110 (4): 936–938. doi:10.2307/4088653. JSTOR 4088653.
- Roux, T. (2002). "Deux fossiles d'oiseaux de l'Oligocène inférieur du Luberon" [Two bird fossils from the Lower Oligocene of Luberon]. Courrier Scientifique du Parc Naturel Régional du Luberon. 6: 38–57.
- Worthy, Trevor H.; Tennyson, A.J.D.; Jones, C.; McNamara, J.A. & Douglas, B.J. (2007). "Miocene waterfowl and other birds from central Otago, New Zealand". Journal of Systematic Palaeontology. 5 (1): 1–39. doi:10.1017/S1477201906001957.
{{cite journal}}
: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)