സിഖ് ഗുരുക്കന്മാർ

1469-ൽ ഗുരു നാനാക്കിൽ തുടങ്ങി നൂറ്റാണ്ടുകളായി തുടർന്നു വരുന്ന സിഖ് മതത്തിലെ ഗുരുക്കന്മാരുടെ പരമ്പരയെയാണ് സിഖ് ഗുരുക്കന്മാർ എന്നതു കൊണ്ട് ഉദ്ദേശിക്കുന്നത്.^[1] ആദ്യ ഗുരു നാനാക്കിൽ തുടങ്ങി ഗുരു ഗോബിന്ദ് സിങ് ജീ വരെയുള്ള മനുഷ്യരായ ഗുരുക്കന്മാരും, വിശുദ്ധ ഗ്രന്ഥം ആയ ഗുരു ഗ്രന്ഥസാഹിബിനെ പതിനൊന്നാം ഗുരുവായി അവരോധിക്കുകയും ചെയ്തു. ഇതോടെ ഗുരു പരമ്പര അവസാനിക്കുകയും ചെയ്തു.

ഗുരുനാനാക്കും മറ്റു 9 ഗുരുക്കന്മാരും, Bhai Puran Singh

ഗുരുക്കന്മാരുടെ പട്ടിക

പതിനൊന്ന് ഗുരുക്കന്മാരുടെ പേരും അവരുടെ കാലഘട്ടവും വിവരണവും താഴെ കൊടുത്തിരിക്കുന്നു. ^[2]

#	Name	Date of birth	Guruship on	Date of death	Age at death	Major Life highlights	Father	Mother
1	Guru Nanak	15 April 1469	--	22 September 1539	69	* Founded Sikhism * Spiritual revelations registered as 974 hymns in Guru Granth Sahib * Rejected the authority of the Vedas * Preached the new idea of God as (Supreme, Universal, All-powerful and truthful, Formless, Fearless, Without Hate, Self-existent, Ever-lasting creator of all things, The eternal and absolute truth) * Attacked the citadel of the Hindu caste system, promoting equality of all * Emphasized the equality of women *Rejected the path of renunciation; emphasized leading a householder's life * Condemned the theocracy of Mughal emperor Babar * Started the institution of Guru ka Langar * Undertook 4 major journeys, travelling far and wide (including visits to Haridwar, Varanasi, Tibet, Srinagar, Lahore, Mecca, Medina, Baghdad, Syria, Turkey, Kabul, Kandhar, etc.) * Died of natural causes	Mehta Kalu	Mata Tripta
2	Guru Angad	31 March 1504	7 September 1539	29 March 1552	48	* Spiritual revelations registered as 63 Saloks (stanzas) in Guru Granth Sahib * Established new religious institutions to strengthen the base of Sikhism * Standardized and popularized the Gurumukhi Script* Opened many new schools * Started the tradition of Mall Akhara for physical as well as spiritual development * Popularized and expanded the institution of Guru ka Langar * Died of natural causes	Baba Pheru	Mata Ramo
3	Guru Amar Das	5 May 1479	26 March 1552	1 September 1574	95	* 869 verses including Anand Sahib in the Guru Granth Sahib * Established Manji & Piri system of religious missions for men and women respectively * Strengthened the Langar community kitchen system * Preached against the Hindu society's Sati system (burning alive of a wife at the pyre of her deceased husband), advocated widow-remarriage; Asked the women to discard "Purdah" (veil worn by Muslim women). * Asked Akbar to remove the toll-tax (pilgrim's tax) for non-Muslims while crossing Yamuna and Ganges Rivers * Died of natural causes	Tej Bhan Bhalla	Bakht Kaur
4	Guru Ram Das	24 September 1534	1 September 1574	1 September 1581	46	* 638 hymns in 30 ragas in the Guru Granth Sahib, which include 246 Padei, 138 Saloks, 31 Ashtpadis and 8 Vars * Composed the four Lawans (stanzas) of the Anand Karaj, a distinct marriage code for Sikhs separate from the orthodox and traditional Hindu Vedi system* Laid the foundation stone of Chak Ramdas or Ramdas Pur, now called Amritsar * Strongly decried superstitions, caste system and pilgrimages *Died of natural causes	Baba Hari Das	Mata Daya Vati
5	Guru Arjan	15 April 1563	1 September 1581	30 May 1606	43	* Compiled the Guru Granth Sahib, and installed it at Sri Harmandir Sahib on Bhadon Sudi 1st Samvat 1661 (August/September 1604), A landmark event in Sikh history* Contributed about 2000 verses to the Guru Granth Sahib * Founded the town of Tarn Taran Sahib near Goindwal Sahib * Built a house for Lepers. * Was tortured and executed on the orders of the Mughal Emperor Jahangir * Hailed as the first martyr of Sikh religion, and as Shaheedan-de-Sartaj (The crown of martyrs)	Rām Dās	Mata Bhani
6	Guru Har Gobind	19 June 1595	25 May 1606	28 February 1644	48	* Instituted the practice of maintaining armed legion of Sikh warrior-saints * Waged wars against rulers Jahangir and Shah Jahan * Died of natural causes	Arjun Dēv	Mata Ganga
7	Guru Har Rai	16 January 1630	3 March 1644	6 October 1661	31	* Sheltered Dara Shikoh; persecuted by Aurangzeb who framed charges of anti-Islamic blasphemy against Guru Ji and Sikh verses of Guru Granth Sahib * Died of natural causes	Baba Gurditta	Mata Nihal Kaur
8	Guru Har Krishan	7 July 1656	6 October 1661	30 March 1664	7	* Forcibly summoned to Delhi (the imperial capital of Aurangzeb) under framed charges * Died of the age of 8 due to smallpox, which he contracted while healing the sick people during an epidemic.	Hari Rā'i	Mata Krishan Kaur
9	Guru Tegh Bahadur	1 April 1621	20 March 1665	11 November 1675	54	* Opposed the forced conversions of the Hindu Kashmiri Pandits by Muslims * Was consequently persecuted, imprisoned, tortured and executed under the orders of the Mughal emperor Aurangzeb. Contributed many hymns (Shlokas) to Guru Granth Sahib * Spread Sikhism far and wide to Bihar and Assam *	Hari Gōbind	Mata Nanki
10	Guru Gobind Singh	22 December 1666	11 November 1675	7 October 1708	41	* Founded Khalsa in 1699 * Last Sikh Guru in human form * Passed the Guruship of the Sikhs to the Guru Granth Sahib * Died of complications from stab wounds inflicted by Pashtun assassins sent by Mughal governor Wazir Khan	Tēġ Bahādur	Mata Gujri
11	Guru Granth Sahib	n/a	7 October 1708	n/a	n/a	Final and last, eternal living guru	-	-

ഇതും കാണുക

• സിഖ് മതം- ചരിത്രം
• ഖൽസ പന്ത്
• ആഖാര
• ഉദാസി

അവലംബം

1. Sen, Sailendra (2013). A Textbook of Medieval Indian History. Primus Books. pp. 186–187. ISBN 978-9-38060-734-4.
2. Shiromani Gurdwara Prabandhak Committee. "Ten Gurus" Archived 2010-01-27 at the Wayback Machine.

പുറം കണ്ണികൾ

• India portal

• sikhs.org
• sikh-history.com Archived 2021-05-08 at the Wayback Machine.
• srigurugranthsahib.org