Noctuidae

Noctuidae sunt familia lepidopterorum robustorum quae plus quam 35 000 specierum agnotarum ex fortasse 100 00 comprehendit, in plus quam 4200 generibus digestarum. Quae maxima familia inter lepidoptera est. Distributio est cosmopolita, 1450 fere speciebus in Europa inventis.^[1]^[2]^[3]

Egybolis vaillantina

Animalia — Arthropoda

Classis : Insecta
Ordo : Lepidoptera
Macrolepidoptera
Familia : Noctuidae

Subdivisiones: Subfamiliae

Acontiinae

Acronictinae
Aganainae
Agaristinae
Amphipyrinae
Araeopteroninae
Bagisarinae
Balsinae
Bryophilinae
Catocalinae
Cocytiinae
Condicinae
Cuculliinae
Cydosiinae
Dilobinae
Eriopinae
Eucocytiinae
Eustrotiinae
Hadeninae
Heliothinae
Lophonyctinae
Metoponiinae
Noctuinae
Oncocnemidinae
Pantheinae
Phytometrinae
Plusiinae
Psaphidinae
Raphiinae
Sinocharinae
Stictopterinae
Stiriinae
Strepsimaninae
Thiacidinae

Ufeinae

Species typica

Noctua pronuba

Plurimis sunt alae anteriores cinereae, coloribus claris carentes, sed nonnullis sunt alae posteriores vividis. Variationes sexuum plerumque sunt paucae. Paene omnes nocte volant, paeneque semper a luce vehementer attrahuntur; multae etiam a saccharo et floribus nectar plenis attrahuntur.

Vespertiliones nonnullas Noctuidas praedantur; multis autem speciebus sunt perparva organa in eorum auribus quae sonis echolocationis respondent, musculos alarum in spasma agentia, ut ea inconstanter volitent facientia; quod tergiversationem et adeo effugium iuvat.^[4]

Nonnullis speciebus sunt larvae (erucae) quae in solo habitant, ubi pestes agriculturae et horticulturae sunt. Hae sunt "vermes secantes," qui inferiores brassicarum iuvenum et lactucarum partes edunt. Pupas duras et nitidas formant. Plurimae nocte vescuntur, in solo vel in locis celatis in eorum plantis interdiu requiescentes.

Noctuidis insigniter sunt permultae species quarum erucae certis plantis venenosis innocue vesci possunt. Hae plantae, praecipue Solanaceae (e.g., Nicotiana) et Fabaceae (e.g., Sophora), chemicas continent quae plurima insecta vexant vel interficiunt.

Divisio per subfamilias et numerus subfamiliarum non idonei sunt et aliquantulum in variis rationibus taxinomicis variant. Nonnulla genera per subfamilias certo nondum digeruntur

Amazonides
Amilaga
Ammopolia
Anartomorpha
Androdes
Anaphela
Anhausta
Aplectoides
Apoxestia
Astonycha
Atlantagrotis
Axylia
Calpoparia
Consobrambus
Cryphiomima
Macrobarasa
Oediconia
Parasoloe
Plectothripa
Pseudotryphia
Quadratala
Syagrana
Talhoukia
Zazanisa

Recentia autem studia molecularia^[5]^[6] monstraverunt familiam Noctuidarum paraphyleticam esse; subfamilia quidem Plusiinarum statum familiae habere debet.

Species exemplariae

Acronictinae

Acronicta aceris
Acronicta exilis
Acronicta leporina
Acronicta psi
Cryphia domestica

Amphipyrinae

Amphipyra pyramidea
Amphipyra tragopoginis
Spodoptera cilium
Spodoptera exempta

Cuculliinae

Aporophyla lueneburgensis
Cucullia umbratica

Hadeninae

Discestra trifolii
Mamestra brassicae
Melanchra persicariae
Lacanobia oleracea
Hecatera bicolorata
Hadena bicruris
Cerapteryx graminis
Panolis flammea
Orthosia cerasi
Orthosia gothica
Mythimna ferrago
Mythimna impura

Heliothinae

Helicoverpa zea
Schinia varix

Noctuinae

Noctua pronuba
Eugnorisma glareosa
Lycophotia porphyrea
Diarsia mendica
Xestia c-nigrum
Xestia triangulum
Xestia sexstrigata
Xestia xanthographa
Naenia typica
Euxoa nigricans
Agrotis infusa
Agrotis segetum
Agrotis clavis
Agrotis exclamationis
Ochropleura plecta
Abrostola tripartita
Cosmia trapezina
Apamea crenata
Apamea sordens
Brachylomia viminalis
Eupsilia transversa
Agrochola circellaris
Euplexia lucipara
Phlogophora meticulosa
Omphaloscelis lunosa

Plusiinae

Autographa gamma

Alia exempla:

Apina callisto
Axylia putris
Antitype chi
Thalpophila matura

[1]
M. Fibiger 1990: Noctuinae 1: Noctuidae Europaeae 1 (Dania: Sorø).
[2]
M. Fibiger, 1993: Noctuinae 2: Noctuidae Europaeae 2 (Dania: Sorø).
[3]
M. Fibiger, 1997: Noctuinae 3: Noctuidae Europaeae 3 (Dania: Sorø).
[4]
Goerlitz, ter Hofstede, Zeale, Jones, et Holderied 2010; Ratcliffe, Fullard, Arthur, et Hoy 2009; Roeder 1974; Surlykke 1984.
[5]
Weller, S. J., Pashley, D. P., Martin, J. A., et Constable, J. L. (1994). "Phylogeny of noctuoid moths and the utility of combining independent nuclear and mitochondrial genes". Systematic Biology (Systematic Biology, Vol. 43, No. 2) 43 (43): 194–211 .
[6]
Andrew Mitchell, Charles Mitter, Jerome C. Regier (2006). "Systematics and evolution of the cutworm moths (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae): evidence from two protein-coding nuclear genes". Systematic Entomology 1 (31): 21–46 abstract online.

Goerlitz, Holger R., Hannah M. ter Hofstede, Matt R. K. Zeale, Gareth Jones, et Marc W. Holderied. 2010. "An Aerial-Hawking Bat Uses Stealth Echolocation to Counter Moth Hearing." Current Biology 20: 1568–72. doi:10.1016/j.cub.2010.07.046.
Ratcliffe, J. M., J. H. Fullard, B. J. Arthur, et R. R. Hoy. 2009. "Tiger Moths and the Threat of Bats: Decision-Making Based on the Activity of a Single Sensory Neuron." Biol. Lett. 5: 368–71.
Roeder, K. D. 1974. "Acoustic sensory responses and possible bat-evasion tactics of certain moths." Proceedings of the Canadian Society of Zoologists’ Annual Meeting, ed. M. D. B. Burt, 71–78. Fredericton: University of New Brunswick Press.
Surlykke, A. 1984. "Hearing in Notodontid Moths: A Tympanic Organ with a Single Auditory Neuron." Journal of Experimental Biology 113: 323–35.