Hepialidae sunt familia insectorum ordinis papilionum . Longe sunt diversissimus infraordinis Exoporiorum grex, cuius sexaginta genera saltem 587 species hodie agnitas per orbem terrarum comprehendunt.
Habitant Hepialidae in terris antiquis omnem per orbem terrarum praeter Antarcticam , Madagascariam , insulas Maris Caribici , tropicamque Africam Occidentalem . Sed num hae absentiae verae sint investigandum est, quia Aenetus cohici recentius in Nova Caledonia repertus est.[1] In oecozinis orientalibus et neotropica , Hepialidae se in circumiectis silvarum pluvialium , sed ut videtur non in Afrotropicis , variantur .[2] Hepialidae haud facile dispergi possunt, atque in insulis oceanicis non fiunt praeter Phassodem , qui in Vitis et Samoa Occidentali reperitur, et praeter nonnullas species in Iaponia et Insulis Curilensibus repertas. Cum autem locus typicus Eudalacae sanctaehelenae Sanctae Helenae in insula remota esse dicatur, hoc veri simile est error pro Africa Australi .[3]
Phymatopus hecta
*
Abantiades Herrich-Schäffer, [1858]
Aenetus Herrich-Schäffer, [1858]
Afrotheora Nielsen and Scoble, 1986
Ahamus Z. W. Zou & G.R. Zhang, 2010
Andeabatis Nielsen and Robinson, 1983
Antihepialus Janse, 1942
Aoraia Dumbleton, 1966
Aplatissa Viette, 1953
Bipectilus Chus and Wang, 1985
Blanchardinella Nielsen, Robinson & Wagner, 2000
Bordaia Tindale, 1932
Calada Nielsen and Robinson, 1983
Callipielus Butler, 1882
Cibyra Walker, 1856
Cladoxycanus Dumbleton, 1966
Dalaca Walker, 1856
Dalaca auctt., nec Walker, 1856
Dioxycanus Dumbleton, 1966
Druceiella Viette, 1949
Dumbletonius ; auctt
Elhamma Walker, 1856
Endoclita ; Felder, 1874
Eudalaca Viette, 1950
Fraus Walker, 1856
Gazoryctra Hübner, [1820]
Gorgopis Hübner, [1820]
Heloxycanus Dugdale, 1994
Hepialiscus Hampson, [1893]
Hepialus Fabricius, 1775
Jeana Tindale, 1935
Korscheltellus Börner, 1920
Leto Hübner, [1820]
Metahepialus Janse, 1942
Napialus Chu and Wang, 1985
Neohepialiscus Viette, 1948
Oncopera Walker, 1856
Oxycanus Walker, 1856
Palpifer Hampson, [1893]
Parahepialus Z. W. Zou & D. R. Zhang, 2010
Parahepialiscus Viette, 1950
Parapielus Viette, 1949
Parathitarodes Ueda, 1999
Pfitzneriana Viette, 1952
Pfitzneriella Viette, 1951
Pharmacis Hübner, [1820]
Phassodes Bethune-Baker, 1905
Phassus Walker, 1856
Phialuse Viette, 1961
Phymatopus Wallengren, 1869
Phymatopus auctt. nec Wallengren, 1869
Puermytrans Viette, 1951
Roseala Viette, 1950
Schausiana Viette, 1950
Sthenopis auctt. nec Packard, [1865]
Thitarodes Viette, 1968
Trichophassus Le Cerf, 1919
Trictena Meyrick, 1890
Triodia Hübner, 1820
Wiseana Viette, 1961
Xhoaphryx Viette, 1953
Zelotypia Scott, 1869
Zenophassus Tindale, 1941
†Oiophassus J. F. Zhang, 1989
†Prohepialus Piton, 1940
†Protohepialus Pierce, 1945
Abantiades latipennis . Tasmania Australiae .
Hae species in Europa reperi possunt,[4] varie agnitae.[5] [6]
Gazoryctra fuscoargenteus O. Bang-Haas 1927 , Scandinavia septentrionalis
Gazoryctra ganna (Hübner 1808) , Alpes , Scandinavia septentrionalis, Russia septentrionalis
Hepialus humuli Linnaeus 1758 , Europa
Korscheltellus lupulina Linnaeus 1758 , Europa
Pharmacis aemiliana Costantini 1911 , Italia
Pharmacis anselminae Teobaldelli 1977 , Italia
Pharmacis bertrandi Le Cerf 1936 , Francia
Pharmacis carna Denis & Schiffermüller 1775 , Europa Media et Orientalis
Pharmacis castillana Oberthür 1883 , Hispania
Pharmacis claudiae Kristal & Hirneisen 1994 , Italia
Pharmacis fusconebulosa De Geer 1778 , Europa
Pharmacis pyrenaicus Donzel 1838 , Pyrenaei
Phymatopus hecta Linnaeus 1758 , Europa media et Septentrionalis
Triodia adriaticus Osthelder 1931 , Croatia , Macedonia , Graecia , Creta
Triodia amasinus Herrich-Schäffer 1851 , Balcania
Triodia sylvina Linnaeus 1761 , Europa
Fraus Walker, 1856
=Hectomanes Meyrick, 1980
=Praus ; Pagenstacher, 1909
Gazoryctra Hübner, [1820]
=Garzorycta ; Hübner, [1826]
=Gazoryctes ; Kirby, 1892
Afrotheora Nielsen and Scoble, 1986
Antihepialus Janse, 1942
=Ptycholoma ; Felder, 1874
Bipectilis Chus and Wang, 1985
Palpifer Hampson, [1893]
=Palpiphorus ; Quail, 1900
=Palpiphora ; Pagenstacher, 1909
Eudalaca Viette, 1950
Gorgopis Hübner, [1820]
Metahepialus Janse, 1942
Dalaca Walker, 1856
=Huapina Bryk, 1945
=Maculella Viette, 1950
=Toenga Tindale, 1954
Callipielus Butler, 1882
Blanchardinella Nielsen, Robinson & Wagner, 2000
=Blanchardina Viette, 1950, nec Labbe, 1899
Calada Nielsen and Robinson, 1983
Puermytrans Viette, 1951
Parapielus Viette, 1949
=Lossbergiana Viette, 1951
Andeabatis Nielsen et Robinson, 1983
Druceiella Viette, 1949
Trichophassus Le Cerf, 1919
Phassus Walker, 1856
Schausiana Viette, 1950
Aplatissa Viette, 1953
Pfitzneriana Viette, 1952
Cibyra Walker, 1856
Cibyra (Pseudodalaca Viette, 1950)
Cibyra (Gymelloxes Viette, 1952)
Cibyra (Alloaepytus Viette, 1951)
Cibyra (Aeptus ) Herrich-Schäffer, [1858]
Cibyra (Thiastyx Viette, 1951)
Cibyra (Schaefferiana Viette, 1950)
Cibyra (Paragorgopis Viette, 1952)
Cibyra (Hepialyxodes Viette, 1951)
Cibyra (Xytrops Viette, 1951)
Cibyra (Cibyra Walker, 1856)
Cibyra (Lamelliformia Viette, 1952)
Cibyra (Tricladia Felder, 1874)
=Pseudophassus Pfitzner, 1914
=Parana Viette, 1950
Cibyra (Pseudophilaenia Viette, 1951)
Cibyra (Philoenia Kirby, 1892)
Cibyra (Yleuxas Viette, 1951)
Phialuse Viette, 1961
Roseala Viette, 1950
Dalaca auctt., nec Walker, 1856
Pfitzneriella Viette, 1951
Aoraia Dumbleton, 1966
=Trioxycanus Dumbleton, 1966
Triodia
=Alphus Wallengren, 1869, nec Dejean, 1833
Korscheltellus Börner, 1920
Pharmacis Hübner, [1820]
Thitarodes Viette, 1968
=Forkalus Chu et Wang, 1985
Phymatopus Wallengren, 1869
=Hepiolopsis Börner, 1920
=Phimatopus ; auctt.
Phymatopus auctt. nec Wallengren, 1869
Hepialus Fabricius, 1775
=Hepiolus Illiger, 1801
=Epialus Agassiz, 1847
=Epiolus Agassiz, 1847
=Tephus Wallengren, 1869
=Trepialus ; Latreille, [1805]
Zenophassus Tindale, 1941
Sthenopis auctt. nec Packard, [1865]
Endoclita ; Felder, 1874
=Endoclyta , Felder, 1875
=Hypophassus , Le Cerf, 1919
=Nevina , Tindale, 1941
=Sahyadrassus , Tindale, 1941
=Procharagia , Viette, 1949
Neohepialiscus Viette, 1948
Elhamma Walker, 1856
=Perissectis Meyrick, 1890
=Pericentris ; Pagenstacher, 1909
=Zauxieus Viette, 1952
=Theaxieus Viette, 1952
Jeana Tindale, 1935
Cladoxycanus Dumbleton, 1966
Wiseana Viette, 1961
=Porina Walker, 1956, nec d'Orbigny, 1852
=Gorina ; Quail, 1899
=Goryna ; Quail, 1899
=Philpottia Viette, 1950, nec Broun, 1915
Heloxycanus Dugdale, 1994
Dumbletonius ; auctt
=Trioxycanus Dumbleton, 1966
Dioxycanus Dumbleton, 1966
Napialus Chu and Wang, 1985
Hepialiscus Hampson, [1893]
Parahepialiscus Viette, 1950
Xhoaphryx Viette, 1953
Aenetus Herrich-Schäffer, [1858]
=Charagia Walker, 1856
=Phloiopsyche Scott, 1864
=Oenetus ; Kirby, 1892
=Choragia ; Pagenstacher, 1909
=Oenetes ; Oke, 1953
Leto Hübner, [1820]
=Ecto ; Pagenstacher, 1909
Zelotypia Scott, 1869
=Xylopsyche Swainson, 1851
=Leto ; auctt
Oncopera
=Oncoptera Walker, 1890
=Paroncopera Tindale, 1933
=Onchopera ; Birket-Smith, 1974
=Onchoptera ; Birket-Smith, 1974
Trictena Meyrick, 1890
Bordaia Tindale, 1932
=Bordaja ; Chu et Wang, 1985
Abantiades Herrich-Schäffer, [1858]
=Pielus Walker, 1856
=Rhizopsyche Scott, 1864
Oxycanus Walker, 1856
=Porina Walker, 1856
=Gorina ; Quail, 1899
=Goryna ; Quail, 1899
=Paraoxyxanus Viette, 1950
Phassodes Bethune-Baker, 1905
M. Chinery (1986), Collins Guide to the Insects of Britain and Western Europe . Iterum impressus anno 1991.
B. Skinner (1984), Colour Identification Guide to Moths of the British Isles.
Kristensen, N. P. 1999 . The non-Glossatan Moths. Capitulum 4 in Lepidoptera, Moths and Butterflies, vol. 1: Evolution, Systematics, and Biogeography: Handbook of Zoology: A Natural History of the phyla of the Animal Kingdom: Vol. IV, Arthropoda: Insecta: Pars 35, ed. N. P. Kristensen, 41–62. Berolini et Novi Eboraci: Walter de Gruyter.
Nielsen, E. S., G. S. Robinson, et D. L. Wagner. 2000 . Ghost-moths of the world: a global inventory and bibliography of the Exoporia (Mnesarchaeoidea and Hepialoidea) (Lepidoptera). Journal of Natural History 34(6): 823-878.