Gladiolus

Gladiolus (a gladio^[1]) est genus perennium cormosarumque plantarum florentium familiae Iridacearum.^[2] Plantae huius generis in Asia, Europa Mediterranea, Africa Australi, et Africa tropica inveniuntur. Centrum diversitatis in Regione Floristica Capitis est.^[3] Genera Acidanthera, Anomalesia, Homoglossum, et Oenostachys, olim distincta habita, nunc inter Gladiolos digeruntur.^[4]

Plantae

Ordo : Asparagales
Familia : Iridaceae
Subfamilia : Crocoideae
Genus : Gladiolus
L.

Subdivisiones: Species

Circa 260; vide commentarium.

Species typica

Gladiolus communis L.

Generi Gladiolo sunt 300 fere species. "World Checklist of Selected Plant Families" plus quam 276 species anno 1988 perscripsit,^[5] et 300 species mense Februario 2017 agnoscebat,^[6] quarum 260 in Africa austrina^[7] et 76 in Africa tropica endemicae sunt. Circa decem species in Eurasia ortae sunt.^[8]

Genus Gladiolus in multas sectiones dividitur; plurimae autem harum collocationes tentantes sunt.

Gladiolus abbreviatus Andrews
Gladiolus abyssinicus (Brongn. ex Lem.) B.D.Jacks.
Gladiolus actinomorphanthus P.A.Duvign. & Van Bockstal
Gladiolus acuminatus F.Bolus^[9]
Gladiolus aequinoctialis Herb.
Gladiolus alatus L. (sect. Hebea)
Gladiolus albens Goldblatt & J.C.Manning
Gladiolus amplifolius Goldblatt
Gladiolus anatolicus (Boiss.) Stapf
Gladiolus andringitrae Goldblatt
Gladiolus angustus L. (sect. Blandus)
Gladiolus antakiensis A.P.Ham.
Gladiolus antandroyi Goldblatt
Gladiolus appendiculatus G.Lewis
Gladiolus aquamontanus Goldblatt & Vlok
Gladiolus arcuatus Klatt
Gladiolus atropictus Goldblatt & J.C.Manning
Gladiolus atropurpureus Baker
Gladiolus atroviolaceus Boiss.
Gladiolus attilae Kit Tan
Gladiolus aurantiacus Klatt
Gladiolus aureus Baker
Gladiolus balensis Goldblatt
Gladiolus baumii Harms
Gladiolus bellus C. H. Wright
Gladiolus benguellensis Baker (sect. Ophiolyza)
Gladiolus bilineatus G. J. Lewis
Gladiolus blommesteinii L.Bolus
Gladiolus bojeri (Baker) Goldblatt
Gladiolus bonaespei Goldblatt & M.P.de Vos
Gladiolus boranensis Goldblatt
Gladiolus brachyphyllus Bolus f.
Gladiolus brevifolius Jacq. (sect. Linearifolius)
Gladiolus brevitubus G. Lewis
Gladiolus buckerveldii (L. Bolus) Goldblatt
Gladiolus bullatus Thunb. ex G. Lewis^[10]^[11]
Gladiolus caeruleus Goldblatt & J.C. Manning
Gladiolus calcaratus G. Lewis
Gladiolus calcicola Goldblatt
Gladiolus canaliculatus Goldblatt
Gladiolus candidus (Rendle) Goldblatt
Gladiolus cardinalis Curtis (sect. Blandus)
Gladiolus carinatus Aiton^[12]
Gladiolus carmineus C. H. Wright (sect. Blandus)
Gladiolus carneus F.Delaroche (sect. Blandus)
Gladiolus caryophyllaceus (Burm. f.) Poiret
Gladiolus cataractarum Oberm.
Gladiolus caucasicus Herb.
Gladiolus ceresianus L. Bolus
Gladiolus chelamontanus Goldblatt
Gladiolus chevalierianus Marais
Gladiolus communis L. (sect. Gladiolus) – common cornflag,^[13]^[14] (species typica)
Gladiolus comptonii G.J.Lewis
Gladiolus crassifolius Baker
Gladiolus crispulatus L. Bolus
Gladiolus cruentus T. Moore (sect. Ophiolyza)
Gladiolus cunonius (L.) Gaertn.
Gladiolus curtifolius Marais
Gladiolus curtilimbus P.A.Duvign. & Van Bockstal ex S.Córdova
Gladiolus cylindraceus G. Lewis
Gladiolus dalenii Van Geel^{(Pierre Corneille Van Geel)} (sect. Ophiolyza)
Gladiolus davisoniae F.Bolus
Gladiolus debeerstii De Wild.
Gladiolus debilis Ker Gawler (sect. Homoglossum)
Gladiolus decaryi Goldblatt
Gladiolus decoratus Baker
Gladiolus delpierrei Goldblatt
Gladiolus densiflorus Baker
Gladiolus deserticola Goldblatt
Gladiolus dichrous (Bullock) Goldblatt
Gladiolus diluvialis Goldblatt & J.C.Manning
Gladiolus dolichosiphon Goldblatt & J.C.Manning
Gladiolus dolomiticus Oberm.
Gladiolus dzavakheticus Eristavi
Gladiolus ecklonii Lehm.
Gladiolus elliotii Baker (sect. Ophiolyza)
Gladiolus emiliae L. Bolus
Gladiolus engysiphon G. Lewis
Gladiolus equitans Thunb. (sect. Hebea)
Gladiolus erectiflorus Baker
Gladiolus exiguus G. Lewis
Gladiolus exilis G.J.Lewis
Gladiolus fenestratus Goldblatt
Gladiolus ferrugineus Goldblatt & J.C.Manning
Gladiolus filiformis Goldblatt & J.C.Manning
Gladiolus flanaganii Baker
Gladiolus flavoviridis Goldblatt
Gladiolus floribundus Jacq.
Gladiolus fourcadei (L.Bolus) Goldblatt & M.P.de Vos
Gladiolus geardii L. Bolus
Gladiolus goldblattianus Geerinck
Gladiolus gracilis Jacq. (sect. Homoglossum)
Gladiolus gracillimus Baker
Gladiolus grandiflorus Andrews (sect. Blandus)
Gladiolus grantii Baker
Gladiolus gregarius Welw. ex Baker (sect. Densiflorus)
Gladiolus griseus Goldblatt & J.C. Manning
Gladiolus gueinzii Kunze
Gladiolus gunnisii (Rendle) Marais
Gladiolus guthriei F. Bol. (sect. Linearifolius)
Gladiolus hajastanicus Gabrieljan
Gladiolus halophilus Boiss. & Heldr.
Gladiolus harmsianus Vaupel
Gladiolus hirsutus Jacq. (sect. Linearifolius)
Gladiolus hollandii L. Bolus
Gladiolus horombensis Goldblatt
Gladiolus huillensis (Welw. ex Baker) Goldblatt
Gladiolus humilis Stapf
Gladiolus huttonii (N.E.Br.) Goldblatt & M.P.de Vos
Gladiolus hyalinus Jacq.
Gladiolus illyricus W.D.J.Koch
Gladiolus imbricatus L.
Gladiolus inandensis Baker
Gladiolus inflatus Thunb.
Gladiolus inflexus Goldblatt & J.C. Manning
Gladiolus insolens Goldblatt & J.C. Manning
Gladiolus intonsus Goldblatt
Gladiolus invenustus G. J. Lewis
Gladiolus involutus D.Delaroche (sect. Hebea)
Gladiolus iroensis (A. Chev.) Marais
Gladiolus italicus P. Mill. (sect. Gladiolus)
Gladiolus jonquilodorus Eckl. ex G.J.Lewis
Gladiolus juncifolius Goldblatt
Gladiolus kamiesbergensis G. Lewis
Gladiolus karooicus Goldblatt & J.C.Manning
Gladiolus kotschyanus Boiss.
Gladiolus lapeirousioides Goldblatt
Gladiolus laxiflorus Baker
Gladiolus ledoctei P.A.Duvign. & Van Bockstal
Gladiolus leonensis Marais
Gladiolus leptosiphon Bolus f.
Gladiolus liliaceus Houtt. (sect. Homoglossum)
Gladiolus linearifolius Vaupel
Gladiolus lithicola Goldblatt
Gladiolus longicollis Baker (sect. Homoglossum)
Gladiolus longispathaceus Cufod.
Gladiolus loteniensis Hilliard & Burtt
Gladiolus lundaensis Goldblatt
Gladiolus luteus Lam.
Gladiolus macneilii Oberm.
Gladiolus maculatus Sweet
Gladiolus magnificus (Harms) Goldblatt
Gladiolus malvinus Goldblatt & J.C. Manning
Gladiolus manikaensis Goldblatt
Gladiolus mariae van der Burgt
Gladiolus marlothii G. Lewis
Gladiolus martleyi L. Bolus (sect. Homoglossum)
Gladiolus meliusculus (G. Lewis) Goldblatt & J.C. Manning
Gladiolus melleri Baker (sect. Ophiolyza)
Gladiolus menitskyi Gabrieljan
Gladiolus mensensis (Schweinf.) Goldblatt
Gladiolus meridionalis G.J.Lewis
Gladiolus metallicola Goldblatt
Gladiolus micranthus Baker, 1901
Gladiolus microcarpus G. Lewis
Gladiolus microspicatus P.A.Duvign. & Van Bockstal ex S.Córdova
Gladiolus miniatus Eckl.
Gladiolus mirus Vaupel
Gladiolus monticola G. Lewis ex Goldblatt & J.C. Manning
Gladiolus mosambicensis Baker
Gladiolus mostertiae L. Bolus
Gladiolus muenzneri F. Vaup
Gladiolus murgusicus Mikheev
Gladiolus murielae Kelway (syn. G. callianthus)
Gladiolus mutabilis G.J.Lewis
Gladiolus negeliensis Goldblatt
Gladiolus nerineoides G. Lewis
Gladiolus nigromontanus Goldblatt
Gladiolus nyasicus Goldblatt
Gladiolus oatesii Rolfe
Gladiolus ochroleucus Baker (sect. Densiflorus)
Gladiolus oliganthus Baker
Gladiolus oligophlebius Baker
Gladiolus oppositiflorus Herbert (sect. Ophiolyza)
Gladiolus orchidiflorus Andrews (sect. Hebea)
Gladiolus oreocharis Schltr.
Gladiolus ornatus Klatt
Gladiolus overbergensis Goldblatt & M.P.de Vos
Gladiolus palustris Gaudin
Gladiolus papilio Hook. f. (sect. Densiflorus)
Gladiolus pappei Baker (sect. Blandus)
Gladiolus pardalinus Goldblatt & J.C. Manning
Gladiolus parvulus Schltr.
Gladiolus patersoniae Bolus f.
Gladiolus pauciflorus Baker ex Oliv.
Gladiolus pavonia Goldblatt & J.C. Manning
Gladiolus permeabilis Delaroche (sect. Hebea)
Gladiolus perrieri Goldblatt
Gladiolus persicus Boiss.
Gladiolus phoenix Goldblatt & J.C.Manning
Gladiolus pole-evansii Verd.
Gladiolus praecostatus Marais
Gladiolus pretoriensis Kuntze
Gladiolus priorii (N. E. Br.) Goldblatt & De Vos
Gladiolus pritzelii Diels
Gladiolus puberulus Vaupel
Gladiolus pubigerus G. Lewis
Gladiolus pulcherrimus (G. Lewis) Goldblatt & J.C. Manning
Gladiolus pungens P.A.Duvign. & Van Bockstal ex S.Córdova
Gladiolus pusillus Goldblatt
Gladiolus quadrangularis (Burm. f.) Ker Gawler
Gladiolus quadrangulus (Delaroche) Barnard
Gladiolus recurvus L. (sect. Homoglossum)
Gladiolus reginae Goldblatt & J.C.Manning
Gladiolus rehmannii Baker
Gladiolus rhodanthus J.C.Manning & Goldblatt
Gladiolus richardsiae Goldblatt
Gladiolus robertsoniae Bolus f.
Gladiolus robiliartianus P.A.Duvign.
Gladiolus rogersii Baker
Gladiolus roseolus Chiov.
Gladiolus roseovenosus Goldblatt & J.C. Manning
Gladiolus rubellus Goldblatt
Gladiolus rudis Lichtst. ex Roem. & Schult.
Gladiolus rufomarginatus G.J.Lewis
Gladiolus rupicola F. Vaupel
Gladiolus saccatus (Klatt) Goldblatt & M.P. de Vos
Gladiolus salmoneicolor P.A.Duvign. & Van Bockstal ex S.Córdova
Gladiolus salteri G. Lewis
Gladiolus saundersii Hook. f.
Gladiolus saxatilis Goldblatt & J.C.Manning
Gladiolus scabridus Goldblatt & J.C.Manning
Gladiolus schweinfurthii Baker
Gladiolus scullyi Baker
Gladiolus sekukuniensis P.J.D.Winter
Gladiolus sempervirens G.J.Lewis
Gladiolus serapiiflorus Goldblatt
Gladiolus serenjensis Goldblatt
Gladiolus sericeovillosus Hook. f.
Gladiolus serpenticola Goldblatt & J.C. Manning
Gladiolus somalensis Goldblatt & Thulin
Gladiolus speciosus Thunb.
Gladiolus splendens (Sweet) Herbert
Gladiolus stefaniae Oberm.
Gladiolus stellatus G. Lewis
Gladiolus stenolobus Goldblatt
Gladiolus stenosiphon Goldblatt
Gladiolus stokoei G.J.Lewis
Gladiolus subcaeruleus G. Lewis
Gladiolus sudanicus Goldblatt
Gladiolus sufflavus (G. Lewis) Goldblatt & J.C. Manning
Gladiolus sulculatus Goldblatt
Gladiolus symonsii F.Bolus
Gladiolus szovitsii Grossh.
Gladiolus taubertianus Schltr.
Gladiolus tenuis M. Bieb.
Gladiolus teretifolius Goldblatt & De Vos
Gladiolus trichonemifolius Ker Gawl. (sect. Homoglossum)
Gladiolus triphyllus (Sm.) Ker Gawl.
Gladiolus tristis L. (sect. Homoglossum)
Gladiolus tshombeanus P.A.Duvign. & Van Bockstal
Gladiolus uitenhagensis Goldblatt & Vlok
Gladiolus undulatus L. (sect. Blandus)
Gladiolus unguiculatus Baker
Gladiolus usambarensis Marais ex Goldblatt
Gladiolus uysiae L. Bolus ex G. Lewis
Gladiolus vaginatus Bolus f. (sect. Homoglossum)
Gladiolus vandermerwei (L. Bolus) Goldblatt & De Vos
Gladiolus variegatus (G.J.Lewis) Goldblatt & J.C.Manning
Gladiolus varius Bolus f.
Gladiolus velutinus De Wild.
Gladiolus venustus G. Lewis (sect. Hebea)
Gladiolus verdickii De Wild. & T.Durand
Gladiolus vernus Oberm.
Gladiolus vigilans Barnard
Gladiolus vinosomaculatus Kies
Gladiolus violaceolineatus G.J.Lewis
Gladiolus virescens Thunb. (sect. Hebea)
Gladiolus virgatus Goldblatt & J.C.Manning
Gladiolus viridiflorus G. Lewis
Gladiolus watermeyeri L.Bolus (sect. Hebea)
Gladiolus watsonioides Baker
Gladiolus watsonius Thunb. (sect. Homoglossum)
Gladiolus wilsonii (Baker) Goldblatt & J.C.Manning
Gladiolus woodii Baker
Gladiolus zambesiacus Baker
Gladiolus zimbabweensis Goldblatt

Inter hybridas sunt:

Gladiolus × colvillii (G. cardinalis × G. tristis): Colville's gladiolus
Gladiolus × gandavensis (G. dalenii × G. oppositiflorus) (sect. Ophiolyza)
Gladiolus × hortulanus

Vas cum gladiolis rubris (1886), Vincentius van Gogh.
Gladiole, Philippi Ernst

[1]
Shorter Oxford English dictionary: ed. sexta. United Kingdom: Oxford University Press. 2007. ISBN 978-0199206872
[2]
Manning, John; Goldblatt, Peter (2008). The Iris Family: Natural History & Classification. Portland, Oregon: Timber Press. pp. 138–42. ISBN 978-0-88192-897-6
[3]
Goldblatt, P. &, J.C. Manning. Gladiolus in Southern Africa: Systematics, Biology, and Evolution. Fernwood Press, Cape Town; 1998.
[4]
Goldblatt, P.; De Vos, M. P. (1989). "The reduction of Oenostachys, Homoglossum and Anomalesia, putative sunbird pollinated genera, in Gladiolus L. (Iridaceae-Ixioideae)". Bulletin du Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle, Section B 11 (4): 417–428
[5]
A. Mujib (Editor) (Somatic Embryogenesis in Ornamentals and Its Applications apud Google Books)
[6]
"Search for Gladiolus". World Checklist of Selected Plant Families. Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew
[7]
Trevor R. Hodkinson and John A. N. Parnell (editores) (Reconstructing the Tree of Life: Taxonomy and Systematics of Species Rich Taxa apud Google Books)
[8]
Rina Kamenetsky and Hiroshi Okubo (Editors) (Ornamental Geophytes: From Basic Science to Sustainable Production apud Google Books)
[9]
Gladiolus acuminatus F.Bolus – The Plant List. . theplantlist.org
[10]
"Gladiolus bullatus". rhs.org
[11]
Foden, W.; Potter, L. (2005). "Caledon Bluebell". redlist.sanbi.org/
[12]
"More About Us"
[13]
"Gladiolus Communis". the.botanical-magazine.com
[14]
"Gladiolus communis". rhs.org

Delpierre, G. R., et N. M. du Plessis. 1974. The winter-growing Gladioli of Southern Africa. Tafelberg-Uitgewers Beperk.
Goldblatt, Peter. 1996. A monograph of the genus Gladiolus in tropical Africa (83 species). Timber Press
Goldblatt, Peter, et J. C. Manning. 1998. Gladiolus in southern Africa: Systematics, Biology, and Evolution, including 144 watercolor paintings. Cape Town: Fernwood Press.
Lewis, G. Joyce, A. Amelia Obermeyer, cum T. T. Bernard. 1972. Gladiolus; a revision of the South African. Cape Town et Novi Eboraci: Purnell. ISBN 0360001556.
Park, Ron.1976. A handbook of the world's gladioli. Praefatio Anthony Hamilton. Shepperton: De Be Miniglads. ISBN 0950524603.

Vicimedia Communia plura habent quae ad Gladiolum spectant.

Situs scientifici: Tropicos • Tela Botanica • GRIN • ITIS • NCBI • Biodiversity • Encyclopedia of Life • Plant Name Index • Plantes d'Afrique • Flora of China • Flora of North America • USDA Plants Database

Taxinomia Gladioli in GBIF Biodiversity Data Portal.

[1] [1]
Shorter Oxford English dictionary: ed. sexta. United Kingdom: Oxford University Press. 2007. ISBN 978-0199206872

[Goldblatt2008-2] [2]
Manning, John; Goldblatt, Peter (2008). The Iris Family: Natural History & Classification. Portland, Oregon: Timber Press. pp. 138–42. ISBN 978-0-88192-897-6

[GM-3] [3]
Goldblatt, P. &, J.C. Manning. Gladiolus in Southern Africa: Systematics, Biology, and Evolution. Fernwood Press, Cape Town; 1998.

[GdV-4] [4]
Goldblatt, P.; De Vos, M. P. (1989). "The reduction of Oenostachys, Homoglossum and Anomalesia, putative sunbird pollinated genera, in Gladiolus L. (Iridaceae-Ixioideae)". Bulletin du Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle, Section B 11 (4): 417–428

[Mujib-5] [5]
A. Mujib (Editor) (Somatic Embryogenesis in Ornamentals and Its Applications apud Google Books)

[WCSP_Gladiolus-6] [6]
"Search for Gladiolus". World Checklist of Selected Plant Families. Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew

[Hodkinson-7] [7]
Trevor R. Hodkinson and John A. N. Parnell (editores) (Reconstructing the Tree of Life: Taxonomy and Systematics of Species Rich Taxa apud Google Books)

[Geophytes-8] [8]
Rina Kamenetsky and Hiroshi Okubo (Editors) (Ornamental Geophytes: From Basic Science to Sustainable Production apud Google Books)

[9] [9]
Gladiolus acuminatus F.Bolus – The Plant List. . theplantlist.org

[10] [10]
"Gladiolus bullatus". rhs.org

[11] [11]
Foden, W.; Potter, L. (2005). "Caledon Bluebell". redlist.sanbi.org/

[12] [12]
"More About Us"

[13] [13]
"Gladiolus Communis". the.botanical-magazine.com

[rhs-14] [14]
"Gladiolus communis". rhs.org

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Gladiolus

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Species

Gladiolus in arte

Notae

Bibliographia

Nexus externi