Typus generis

Typus generis,^[1]^[2] vel generitypus,^[3] vel species typica,^[4] in zoologia est species cui nomen generis vel subgeneris perpetuo coniungitur, species quae specimina biologici typi continet.^[5] Notio similis gregibus supragenericis nomine typi familiae adhibetur. In botanica, haec nomina nullum statum constitutum secundum codicem nominum habent, sed aliquando a nominibus zoologicis accipiuntur. Typus generis in botanica est specimen, vel raro adumbratio.^[6] In zoologia, omne genus vel subgenus, sive nunc validum agnotum sive non, typum generis habere debet; in quotidiano autem usu, sunt multa nomina generum sine typo.

Typus generis est ambo notio et ratio practica quae classificationi biologicae et nominibus animalium adhibentur. Notio speciei typicae ad significationem certi nominis generis explicandam adhibetur. Haec est notio magni momenti quandocumque taxon multas species continens in plus quam unum genus digerendum est; species typica nomen primi taxi uni ex novis taxis consequentibus automatatarie attribuit, sic latentem confusionis potentiam imminuens.

Locutio typus generis nomen zoologicum ordinatur per capitulam 42.3 Codex Internationalis Nomenclaturae Zoologicae, qui typum generis definit typum nomen ferens nominis generis vel subgeneris ("nomen gregis generis"). In glossario, typus generis (Anglice type species) sic definitur: "Species nominalis quae est typus nomen ferens generis vel subgeneris nominalis." Species typica genus ad eius nomen iustum perpetuo alligat per solum unam speciem intra illud genus praebitam cui genus perpetuo coniungitur (quod significat genus illam speciem includere debere si nomen fertur). Nomen speciei vicissim ad specimen typicum rationaliter figitur.

Exempli gratia, typus generis Monachae, gastropodi suprafamiliae Helicoideorum, est Monacha cartusiana. Quod genus in familia Hygromiidiis nunc ponitur. Typus huius familiae vicissim est genus Hygromia. Notio typi generis in zoologia a Petro Andrea Latreille primum proposita est.^[7]

Typus generis Hominis est Carolus Linnaeus ipse, cuius ossa in Ecclesia Cathedrali Upsaliensi imperturbata requiescunt.^[8]

[1]
Robert Brown, "Addenda," ad John Richardson, "Botanical Appendix," in John Franklin, Narrative of a Journey to the Shores of the Polar Sea, in the Years 1819-20-21-22, ed. 3a (Londinii: John Murray, 1823), 767.
[2]
William T. Stearn, Botanical Latin, ed. 3a (Londinii: David & Charles, 1983), 535: "Generitypus, typus generis, type-species of a genus."
[3]
William T. Stearn, Botanical Latin, ed. 3a (Londinii: David & Charles, 1983), 535: "Generitypus, typus generis, type-species of a genus."
[4]
John Hendley Barnhart, "Genera in Lentibulariaceae," Papers Presented at the Celebration of the Twentieth Anniversary of the New York Botanical Garden, ed. Marshall Avery Howe (Novi Eboraci, 1916), 46 et passim.
[5]
"International Code of Zoological Nomenclature, Fourth Edition, adopted by the International Union of Biological Sciences". International Commission on Zoological Nomenclature. 1999 capitulum 67.1.
[6]
International Code of Nomenclature for algae, fungi, and plants capitula 10.1, 8.1, et 10.4 (Melbourne Code, 2012).
[7]
Claude Dupuis (1974), "Pierre André Latreille (1762–1833): The foremost entomologist of his time," Annual Review of Entomology 19:1–14, PDF, doi:10.1146/annurev.en.19.010174.000245.
[8]
"There was, however, no single person recognised as the type until 1959, when Professor William Stearn, in a passing remark in a paper on Linnaeus' contributions to nomenclature and systematics wrote that 'Linnaeus himself, must stand as the type of his Homo sapiens.' This was enough to designate Linnaeus as a lectotype (Article 74.5), the single name[-]bearing type specimen for the species Homo sapiens and its subspecies Homo sapiens sapiens" (Notton et Stringer).

Allotypus (zoologia)
Holotypus
Paratypus
Typus (biologia)

Notton, David, et Chris Stringer. Who is the type of Homo sapiens? International Commission on Zoological Nomenclature.

[1] [1]
Robert Brown, "Addenda," ad John Richardson, "Botanical Appendix," in John Franklin, Narrative of a Journey to the Shores of the Polar Sea, in the Years 1819-20-21-22, ed. 3a (Londinii: John Murray, 1823), 767.

[2] [2]
William T. Stearn, Botanical Latin, ed. 3a (Londinii: David & Charles, 1983), 535: "Generitypus, typus generis, type-species of a genus."

[3] [3]
William T. Stearn, Botanical Latin, ed. 3a (Londinii: David & Charles, 1983), 535: "Generitypus, typus generis, type-species of a genus."

[4] [4]
John Hendley Barnhart, "Genera in Lentibulariaceae," Papers Presented at the Celebration of the Twentieth Anniversary of the New York Botanical Garden, ed. Marshall Avery Howe (Novi Eboraci, 1916), 46 et passim.

[5] [5]
"International Code of Zoological Nomenclature, Fourth Edition, adopted by the International Union of Biological Sciences". International Commission on Zoological Nomenclature. 1999 capitulum 67.1.

[ICN-6] [6]
International Code of Nomenclature for algae, fungi, and plants capitula 10.1, 8.1, et 10.4 (Melbourne Code, 2012).

[Dupuis-7] [7]
Claude Dupuis (1974), "Pierre André Latreille (1762–1833): The foremost entomologist of his time," Annual Review of Entomology 19:1–14, PDF, doi:10.1146/annurev.en.19.010174.000245.

[8] [8]
"There was, however, no single person recognised as the type until 1959, when Professor William Stearn, in a passing remark in a paper on Linnaeus' contributions to nomenclature and systematics wrote that 'Linnaeus himself, must stand as the type of his Homo sapiens.' This was enough to designate Linnaeus as a lectotype (Article 74.5), the single name[-]bearing type specimen for the species Homo sapiens and its subspecies Homo sapiens sapiens" (Notton et Stringer).

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Typus generis

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