Bacteria

Bacteria (Graece βακτήριον 'parvum baculum') sunt organismi plerumque libere viventes et omnibus locis praesentes, qui saepe in una cellula consistunt ac magnum microorganismorum prokaryoticorum dominium constituunt. Ferme pauca micrometra longa, inter prima vitae genera in tellure orta erant, atque in plurimis eius habitationibus iam inveniuntur. Solum, aquam, fontes calidos acidicos, ramenta radioactiva, et biosphaeram profundam corticis Telluris habitant. Magni momenti sunt bacteria in multis circuli nutrimentorum gradibus per nutrimenta sicut nitrogenium ex atmosphera extracta et ficta. Circulus nutrimentorum decompositionem corporum mortuorum comprehendit, ubi bacteria rationem gradus putrefactionis reddunt. In communitatibus biologicis quae spiramenta hydrothermalia et manationes frigidas circumdant, bacteria extremophilia nutrimenta ad vitam sustenendam necessaria per composita soluta, sicut sulphidum hydrogenii et methanum, ad energiam conversa praebent. Bacteria praeterea symbiotice et parasitice cum plantis animalibusque coniunguntur. Plurima nondum rite circumscripta sunt, multaeque species coli in laboratorio non possunt. Studium bacteriorum est bacteriologia, provincia microbiologiae.

Escherichia coli cellulae, quinquies et vicies milies (x 25,000) magnificata

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Bacteria — 

   

Subdivisiones: Phyla

Acidobacteria
Actinobacteria
Aquificae
Armatimonadetes
Bacteroidetes
Caldiserica
Chlamydiae
Chlorobi
Chloroflexi
Chrysiogenetes
Cyanobacteria
Deferribacteres
Deinococcus-Thermus
Dictyoglomi
Elusimicrobia
Fibrobacteres
Firmicutes
Fusobacteria
Gemmatimonadetes
Lentisphaerae
Nitrospira
Planctomycetes
Proteobacteria
Spirochaetes
Synergistetes
Tenericutes
Thermodesulfobacteria
Thermomicrobia
Thermotogae
Verrucomicrobia^[1]

Antonius van Leeuwenhoek. microbiologus fuit primus homo qui bacteria microscopio observavit.

Salmonella typhimurium (colore rubro) cellulas humanas invadit. Micrographum electronicum coloribus auctis.

Bacteria ubique sunt, et nonnulla morbos efficiunt.

Taxinomia bacteriorum multum disputatur. Post systema trium dominiorum a Carolo Woese anno 1977 propositum, bacteria dominium habentur, regni igitur gradus manet non usitatus. Secundum indicem LPSN, dominio sunt triginta phyla, ad dexteram partem huius paginae indicata.

Structura bacteriorum

Structura bacteriorum cum notionibus morphologiae, structurae intracellulares, membranae plasmaticae, parietis cellularis, endospororum, et structurae extracellulares describitur. Nonnumquam membrana plasmatica (interne, cytoplasmati adversa) et paries cellularis communiter involucrum cellulare nominatur.

Morphologia

Forma bacterii singularis conspicua est. Ita morphologia nominatur coccus, bacillus, coccobacillus, spiraliter, fílamentose.

Structurae intracellulares

Structurae intra bacterium sunt per exemplum cytosceletus, membranae internae, ribosomata, ADN, plasmidi.

Cytosceletus

Conferatur pagina principalis Cytosceletus.

Cytosceletus cellulae figuram ad locum tenet.

Membranae plasmaticae

Membrana plasmatica bacteriorum fines cytoplasmatis constituit.

Paries cellularis

Plerisque bacteriis una paries cellularis est, quae bacteriis rigorem stabilitatemque tribuit.

Endospori

Tempore sine nutrimento bacteria in endosporos structurae duriorae transeunt. Illi non in proles mutant, sed ex membrana, cortice, nucleo consistunt.

Structurae extracellulares

Structurae externae bacterii sunt fimbriae, pili, lamina superficialis, glycocalyx, flagellae

Phyla confirmata

Phyla sequentia secundum Bacteriological Code rite circumscripta sunt.^[2]

• Acidobacteriota
• Actinomycetota
• Aquificota
• Armatimonadota
• Atribacterota
• Bacillota
• Bacteroidota
• Balneolota
• Bdellovibrionota
• Caldisericota
• Calditrichota
• Campylobacterota
• Chlamydiota
• Chlorobiota
• Chloroflexota
• Chrysiogenota
• Coprothermobacterota
• Deferribacterota
• Deinococcota
• Dictyoglomota
• Elusimicrobiota
• Fibrobacterota
• Fusobacteriota
• Gemmatimonadota
• Ignavibacteriota
• Lentisphaerota
• Mycoplasmatota
• Myxococcota
• Nitrospinota
• Nitrospirota
• Planctomycetota
• Pseudomonadota
• Rhodothermota
• Spirochaetota
• Synergistota
• Thermodesulfobacteriota
• Thermomicrobiota
• Thermotogota
• Verrucomicrobiota

Praeclara bacteria

• Acinetobacter spp.
• Agrobacterium tumiefaciens
• Bacillus anthracis
• Bacillus cereus
• Bacillus coagulans
• Bacillus megaterium
• Bacillus subtilis
• Escherichium coli
• Helicobacter pylori
• Pseudomonas aeruginosa
• Staphylococcus aureus
• Streptococcus pneumoniae
• Streptococcus mutans
• Streptococcus suis
• Yersinia pestis

Nexus interni

• Antibioticum
• Bacteria psychrotrophica
• Bacteria transgenica
• Bifidobacterium
• Biota
• Biotechnologia
• Index ordinum bacteriorum
• International Code of Nomenclature of Bacteria
• Meningitis
• Microorganismus
• Oecologia
• Parasitismus
• Prokaryota
• Rhizobium
• Staphylococcus
• Streptococcus
• Symbiosis

Notae

1. "Classification of Bacteria", List of prokaryotic names with standing in nomenclature (LPSN).
2. "Valid publication of the names of forty-two phyla of prokaryotes". International Journal of Systematic Evolutionary Microbiology 71 (10): 5056. 2021 .

Bibliographia

• Alcamo, I. E. 2001. Fundamentals of microbiology. Bostoniae: Jones and Bartlett. ISBN 0-7637-1067-9.
• Atlas, R. M. 1995. Principles of microbiology. Urbe Sancti Ludovici: Mosby. ISBN 0-8016-7790-4.
• Clark, D. 2010. Germs, Genes, & Civilization: how epidemics shaped who we are today. Upper Saddle River Novae Caesareae: FT Press. ISBN 978-0-13-701996-0. OCLC 473120711.
• Crawford, D. 2007. Deadly Companions: how microbes shaped our history. Oxoniae et Novi Eboraci: Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-19-956144-5. OCLC 183198723.
• Funke, B. R., G. J. Tortora, et C. L Case. 2004. Microbiology: an introduction. Ed. octava. Franciscopoli: Benjamin Cummings. ISBN 0-8053-7614-3.
• Hall, B. 2008. Strickberger's Evolution: the integration of genes, organisms and populations. Sudburiae Massachusettae: Jones and Bartlett. ISBN 978-0-7637-0066-9. OCLC 85814089.
• Holt, J. C., et D. H. Bergey. 1994. Bergey's manual of determinative bacteriology. Ed. nona. Baltimorae: Williams & Wilkins. ISBN 0-683-00603-7.
• Hugenholtz, P., B. M. Goebel, et N. R. Pace. 1998. "Impact of culture-independent studies on the emerging phylogenetic view of bacterial diversity." Journal of Bacteriology 180 (18): 4765–74. PMID 9733676. PMC 107498. Textus interretialis.^{[nexus deficit]}
• Krasner, R. 2014. The Microbial Challenge: a public health perspective. Burlingtoniae Massachusettae: Jones & Bartlett Learning. ISBN 978-1-4496-7375-8. OCLC 794228026.
• Martinko, J. M., et M. T. Madigan. 2005. Brock Biology of Microorganisms. Ed. undecima. Englewood Cliffs Novae Caesareae: Prentice Hall. ISBN 0-13-144329-1.
• Pommerville, J. C. 2014. Fundamentals of Microbiology, ed. decima. Bostoniae: Jones and Bartlett. ISBN 978-1-284-03968-9.
• Shively, Jessup M. 2006. Complex Intracellular Structures in Prokaryotes. Microbiology Monographs. Berolini: Springer. ISBN 3-540-32524-7.
• Wheelis, M. 2008. Principles of modern microbiology. Sudburiae Massachusettae: Jones and Bartlett Publishers. ISBN 978-0-7637-1075-0. OCLC 67392796.
• Witzany, G. 2008. "Bio-Communication of Bacteria and their Evolutionary Roots in Natural Genome Editing Competences of Viruses." Open Evolution Journal 2: 44–54. doi:10.2174/1874404400802010044.

Nexus externi

• De nomenclatura organismorum. (Anglice)

Situs scientifici:  • ITIS • NCBI • Biodiversity • Encyclopedia of Life • WoRMS: Marine Species