Sphenodon (Maorice tuatara [3] ) est genus reptilium endemicorum in Nova Zelandia . Quamquam plurimarum lacertarum similes, partes stirpis distinctae sunt, ordinis Rhynchocephalium .[4] Una species Sphenodontis est sola sui ordinis species,[5] qui aevo Triassico abhinc 250 fere millionum ortus,[6] [7] aevo Mesozoico vigebat.[8] Maiores communes recentissimi sunt Squamata .[9] Quam ob rem, Sphenodontes in studio evolutionis lacertarum et anguium magni momenti sunt, atque in proprietatubus habitibusque primorum diapsidorum reconstructis, gregis tetrapodorum amniotorum cui etiam sunt dinosauria (cum avibus ) et crocodilia .
Sphenodon punctatus punctatus, "tuatara septentrionalis"
Classis
:
Reptilia Ordo
:
Rhynchocephalia Familia
:
Sphenodontidae Genus
:
Sphenodon Gray , 1831 (nomen conservatum)
*
S. punctatus (Gray, 1842) (conserved name)
† S. diversum Colenso, 1885
Synonyma
*
Sphaenodon Gray, 1831 (rejected name )
Hatteria Gray, 1842 (rejected name)
Rhynchocephalus Owen , 1845 (rejected name)
Species typica
Sphenodon punctatus Gray,
1842
Territorium
Distributio naturalis (Nova Zelandia)
Cladogramma coniunctiones Sauriorum exstantium indicat.[10] Numeratae res sunt 1, Sphenodon ; 2, Lacertae ; 3, Angues ; 4, Crocodilia ; 5, Aves . "Lacertae" sunt paraphyleticae ; longitudines ramorum tempora divergentiae non indicant.
Sphenodontes inter lacertas primum anno 1833 digesti sunt, cum Museum Britannicum calvariam acciperet.[11] Genus false classificabatur donec anno 1867 Albertus Günther , qui opus museo tum dabat, proprietates avium , testudinum , crocodiliumque similes observavit, unde ordinem Rhynchocephalium pro Sphenodonte et eius cognatis proposuit.[5]
Magnitudines Sphenodontis punctati et hominis .
Calvaria Sphenodontis completos arcus temporales monstrat, cum ossibus singulis.
Sphenodon in West Coast Wildlife Centre ad Franz Josef in occidentali Novae Zelandiae litore.
Sphenodon mas , Henry appellatus, in Southland Museum and Art Gallery habitans, iam sexualiter activus est, 111 annos natus.[12]
IUCN (vide situs scientificos)
"The Tuatara" . Kiwi Conservation Club: Fact Sheets . Royal Forest and Bird Protection Society of New Zealand Inc.. 2009
"Tuatara" . New Zealand Ecology: Living Fossils . TerraNature Trust. 2004
Günther A (1867). "Contribution to the anatomy of Hatteria (Rhynchocephalus , Owen).". Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society 157 : 595–629
"Tuatara" . Conservation: Native Species . Threatened Species Unit, Department of Conservation, Government of New Zealand
Rest, Joshua S.; Ast, Jennifer C.; Austin, Christopher C.; Waddell, Peter J.; Tibbetts, Elizabeth A.; Hay, Jennifer M.; Mindell, David P. (2003-01-01). "Molecular systematics of primary reptilian lineages and the tuatara mitochondrial genome". Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 29 (2): 289–297 .
Fry, B.G.; Vidal, N.; Norman, J. A.; Vonk, F. J.; Scheib, H.; Ramjan, R.; Kuruppu, S.; Fung, K. et al (2005 ). "Early evolution of the venom system in lizards and snakes". Nature 439 (7076): 584–588 .
Daugherty, Charles, et Alison Cree. 1990 . "Tuatara: a survivor from the dinosaur age." New Zealand Geographic 6 (Aprilis–Iunium): 60.
Lutz, Dick. 2005 . Tuatara: A Living Fossil. Salem Oregoniae: DIMI PRESS. ISBN 978-0-931625-43-5 .
McKintyre, Mary. 1997 . Conservation of the Tuatara. Victoria University Press. ISBN 978-0-86473-303-0 .
Newman, Don G. 1987 . Tuatara. Endangered New Zealand Wildlife Series. Dunedin, New Zealand: John McIndoe et Department of Conservation; Portlandiae Oregoniae: distributus ab I.S.B.S. ISBN 0868680982 , ISBN 978-0-86868-098-9 .
Parkinson, Brian. 2000 . The Tuatara. Reed Children’s Books. ISBN 978-1-86948-831-4 .