Petrologia (a Graeco πέτρος 'saxum' + λόγος 'studium') est ramus geologiae qui saxis et circumiectis ubi saxa gignuntur et formantur studet. Ei sunt tres partes: petrologia ignea, metamorphica, sedimentaria. Petrologia ignea et metamorphica usitate una docentur, quia ambae chemiam, rationes chemicas, formasque phasium multum tractant; petrologia autem sedimentaria cum stratigraphia usitate docetur, quia rationes quae saxum sedimentarium formant tractat.[1]
Fragmentum lithicum per microscopium visum, luce plane polarizata in imagine superiori, luce trans-polarizata in imagine inferiori. Capsa gradualis est 0.25 millimetra.Ljudmila Dolar Mantuani (1906–1988), prima profestrix petrographiae in Iugoslavia.
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