Parnassius smintheus

Parnassius smintheus^[1][2] est papilio subfamiliae Parnassiinarum familiae Papilionidarum, qui altitudines altas in Montibus Saxosis Civitatum Foederatarum et Canadae habitat. Colores inter album et flavo-fuscum variant, maculis rubris nigrisque quae praedatoribus signum saporis mali dat.^[3]

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Animalia — Arthropoda

Classis : Insecta 
Ordo : Lepidoptera 
Familia : Papilionidae 
Subfamilia : Parnassiinae 
Tribus : Parnassiini 
Genus : Parnassius 
Species : P. smintheus 

Parnassius smintheus 
Doubleday, [1847]  

Habitatio usitata.

Sedum lanceolatum

Sphragis in abdomine feminae.

Prata frequentat, silvas vitans, quia lumen magnopere praefert.

Larvae foliis Sedi lanceolati, adulti eius nectar plerumque vescuntur.

Subspecies

Parmassio smintheo sunt hae subspecies:^[4]

• P. s. magnus Wright, 1905: Vasintonia
• P. s. olympiannus Burdick, 1941: Montes Olympici Vancuverii Insulae
• P. s. pseudorotgeri Eisner, 1966: Coloratum (Montes Sancti Ioannis)
• P. s. sayii Edwards, 1863
• P. s. smintheus Doubleday, 1847
• P. s. sternitzkyi McDunnough, 1936: California septentrionalis
• P. s. xanthus Ehrmann, 1918: Vasintonia
• P. s. yukonensis Eisner, 1969: Iuconus meridianus, Columbia Britannica

Species simillimae

P. smintheus pro Parnassio phoebo, specie holarctica arte cognata, saepe habetur. Nonnulli investigatores septentrionalem multitudinis Americae Septentrionalis gregem in duas vel tres species digere solent, papilionibus in extrema septentrione P. phoebus, reliquisque P. smintheus appellatis.^[5]

• Parnassius phoebus
• Parnassius clodius
• Parnassius eversmanni

Notae

1. Brock et Kaufman 2003.
2. Doyle 2011.
3. Shepard et Guppy 2011.
4. Parnassius. . www.nic.funet.fi .
5. Species Parnassius smintheus - Rocky Mountain Parnassian - Hodges#4155.2 - BugGuide.Net. . bugguide.net .

Bibliographia

Adultus

P. smintheus et P. clodius in The Butterfly Book Gulielmi Iacobi Holland (1898).

• Brock, Jim P. et K. Kaufman. 2003. Kaufman Field Guide to Butterflies of North America. Novi Eboraci:Houghton Mifflin.
• Doyle, Amanda. 2011. The roles of temperature and host plant interactions in larval development and population ecology of Parnassius smintheus Doubleday, the Rocky Mountain Apollo butterfly. Dissertatio in Universitate Albertae. PDF.
• Shepard, Jon, et Crispin Guppy, 2011. Butterflies of British Columbia: Including Western Alberta, Southern Yukon, the Alaska Panhandle, Washington, Northern Oregon, Northern Idaho, and Northwestern Montana. UBC Press. ISBN 9780774844376. De libro.

Nexus externi

Vicimedia Communia plura habent quae ad Parnassium smintheum spectant.

Vide "Parnassium smintheum" apud Vicispecies.

• Imagines. Consortium for the Barcode of Life.
• Imagines, cum typis et habitationibus. Butterflies of America.
• Taxinomia, distributio, imagines. Funet.