Historia anarchismi

Anarchimus, si nostrae aetatis philosophiam politicam in traditione Occidentale sitam designat, radices habet ex Aevo Illuminationis oriundas.^[1] Anarchismi motus popularis inclinatio media in anarcho-communismo et anarcho-syndicalismo defixa est, dum anarchismus individualisticus praesertim motus litterarius fuit,^[2] qui autem scholas maiores adfecit^[3] et cuius fautores in magnis organizationibus anarchisticis versati sunt.^[4]^[5]

E contra, David Graeber, Iacobus C. Scott,^[6] aliique anthropologi arguerunt anarchismum semper existisse in diversis orbis terrarum partibus. Scripsit Graeber:

Pleraeque historiae anarchismi historiam similem [Marxismo] fuisse adsumunt: anarchismum ostendunt conceptum esse cuiuslibet saeculi undevigensi philosophi—Proudhon, Bakunin, Kropotkin, etc.—et proinde organizationes classis laborariae incitavisse. . . . Sed re vera, analogia ista aloga est. Saeculi undevicensi "conditores anarchismi" se ipsos aliquid proprie novi invenisse non se ducebant. Prima anarchismi principia—constitutio sui, consortio voluntaria, auxilium mutuum—ad formas activitatis humanae spectabant, quae tam longe quam humanitas existisse adsumebant. Item de reprobatione civitatis omniumque formarum violentiae structuralis, iniquitatis, dominationisque (anarchismus "sine dominatoribus" verbatim sibi vult), et quidem adsumptione, quae omnes illas formas connexas esse seque invicem corroborare habet. Nihil quasi nova doctrina portentifica divulgatum est. Probe, re vera: scripturas invenire potes de hominibus similiter per historiam arguentibus, etsi omnes causae sint ut credamus tales opiniones, plurimis temporibus locisque, minime eas esse, quae inscriberentur.^{[cit. 1]}^[7]

[1]
"Anarchism", Encarta Online Encyclopedia 2006 (UK version).
[2]
Alexandre Skirda, Facing the Enemy: A History of Anarchist Organization from Proudhon to May 1968 (AK Press, 2002), 191.
[3]
Xaverius Diez rerum gestarum scriptor Catalanus scripsit anarchisticum individualisticum prelum Hispanicum late a sociis gregum anarcho-communisticorum et collegii opificum CNT perlectum esse. Notissimi anarchistae individualistici velut Fredericus Urales et Miguel Gimenez Igualada etiam collegii CNT socios fuisse, et J. Elizalde socium initialem Foederationis Anarchisticae Ibericae. Xaverius Diez. El anarquismo individualista en España: 1923–1938. ISBN 978-84-96044-87-6.
[4]
Intra Fédération Anarchiste, organizationem anarchisticam syntheticam, erat inclinatio anarchistica individualistica secus motus anarcho-communisticos anarcho-syndalisticosque. Inter hos individualisticos erant Carolus Augustus Bontemps, Georges Vincey, André Arru."Pensée et action des anarchistes en France : 1950–1970" by Cédric GUÉRIN.
[5]
In Italia anno 1945, inter Foederationis Anarchisticae Italianae conditum, erat grex anarchistarum individualisticorum a Cesare Zaccaria ductorum; ille magni momenti anarchista hoc tempore erat. Cesare Zaccaria (19 August 1897 – October 1961) a Pier Carlo Masini et Paul Sharkey scriptum.
[6]
James C. Scott, The Art of Not Being Governed: An Anarchist History of Upland Southeast Asia (Londinii: Yale University Press, 2009).
[7]
Graeber, David (2004). Fragments of an anarchist anthropology. Chicago: Prickly Paradigm Press. p. 3-4. ISBN 978-0972819640 .

Citationes Latine conversae

[C 1]
"Most accounts of the history of anarchism assume it was basically similar: anarchism is presented as the brainchild of certain nineteenth-century thinkers—Proudhon, Bakunin, Kropotkin, etc.—it then went on to inspire working-class organizations. . . . But in fact, the analogy is strained at best. The nineteenth-century “founding figures” did not think of themselves as having invented anything particularly new. The basic principles of anarchism—self-organization, voluntary association, mutual aid—referred to forms of human behavior they assumed to have been around about as long as humanity. The same goes for the rejection of the state and of all forms of structural violence, inequality, or domination (anarchism literally means “without rulers”), even the assumption that all these forms are somehow related and reinforce each other. None of it was presented as some startling new doctrine. And in fact it was not: one can find records of people making similar arguments throughout history, despite the fact there is every reason to believe that in most times and places, such opinions were the ones least likely to be written down."

[Encarta-1] [1]
"Anarchism", Encarta Online Encyclopedia 2006 (UK version).

[2] [2]
Alexandre Skirda, Facing the Enemy: A History of Anarchist Organization from Proudhon to May 1968 (AK Press, 2002), 191.

[3] [3]
Xaverius Diez rerum gestarum scriptor Catalanus scripsit anarchisticum individualisticum prelum Hispanicum late a sociis gregum anarcho-communisticorum et collegii opificum CNT perlectum esse. Notissimi anarchistae individualistici velut Fredericus Urales et Miguel Gimenez Igualada etiam collegii CNT socios fuisse, et J. Elizalde socium initialem Foederationis Anarchisticae Ibericae. Xaverius Diez. El anarquismo individualista en España: 1923–1938. ISBN 978-84-96044-87-6.

[4] [4]
Intra Fédération Anarchiste, organizationem anarchisticam syntheticam, erat inclinatio anarchistica individualistica secus motus anarcho-communisticos anarcho-syndalisticosque. Inter hos individualisticos erant Carolus Augustus Bontemps, Georges Vincey, André Arru."Pensée et action des anarchistes en France : 1950–1970" by Cédric GUÉRIN.

[5] [5]
In Italia anno 1945, inter Foederationis Anarchisticae Italianae conditum, erat grex anarchistarum individualisticorum a Cesare Zaccaria ductorum; ille magni momenti anarchista hoc tempore erat. Cesare Zaccaria (19 August 1897 – October 1961) a Pier Carlo Masini et Paul Sharkey scriptum.

[6] [6]
James C. Scott, The Art of Not Being Governed: An Anarchist History of Upland Southeast Asia (Londinii: Yale University Press, 2009).

[8] [7]
Graeber, David (2004). Fragments of an anarchist anthropology. Chicago: Prickly Paradigm Press. p. 3-4. ISBN 978-0972819640 .

[7] [C 1]
"Most accounts of the history of anarchism assume it was basically similar: anarchism is presented as the brainchild of certain nineteenth-century thinkers—Proudhon, Bakunin, Kropotkin, etc.—it then went on to inspire working-class organizations. . . . But in fact, the analogy is strained at best. The nineteenth-century “founding figures” did not think of themselves as having invented anything particularly new. The basic principles of anarchism—self-organization, voluntary association, mutual aid—referred to forms of human behavior they assumed to have been around about as long as humanity. The same goes for the rejection of the state and of all forms of structural violence, inequality, or domination (anarchism literally means “without rulers”), even the assumption that all these forms are somehow related and reinforce each other. None of it was presented as some startling new doctrine. And in fact it was not: one can find records of people making similar arguments throughout history, despite the fact there is every reason to believe that in most times and places, such opinions were the ones least likely to be written down."

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[6]

[cit. 1]

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Historia anarchismi

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