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Indeks Integritas Lanskap Hutan (bahasa Inggris: Forest Landscape Integrity Index, FLII) adalah indeks global tahunan kondisi hutan yang diukur berdasarkan derajat modifikasi antropogenik.[1][2][3][4][5] Dibuat oleh tim yang terdiri dari 48 ilmuwan, FLII, dalam pengukuran 300m piksel hutan di seluruh dunia, menemukan bahwa ~17,4 juta km2 hutan memiliki integritas tingkat bentang alam yang tinggi (dengan skor dari 9,6–10), dibandingkan dengan ~ 14,6 juta dengan integritas sedang (6–9,6) dan ~12,2 juta km2 dengan integritas rendah (0–6).
FLII menemukan bahwa sebagian besar lanskap hutan berintegritas tinggi yang tersisa ditemukan di Kanada, Rusia, Pegunungan Rocky, Alaska, Amazon, Guiana, Chili bagian selatan, Afrika Tengah, dan Nugini. Sebaliknya, hutan dengan integritas rendah ditemukan di Eropa Barat dan Tengah, Amerika Barat Daya, Asia Tenggara di barat Nugini, Andes, sebagian besar Tiongkok dan India, Celah Albertine, Afrika Barat, Mesoamerika, dan Hutan Atlantik Brasil.
Hasilnya dimaksudkan untuk membantu para pembuat keputusan di semua tingkatan mencapai komitmen mereka terhadap Tujuan Pembangunan Berkelanjutan (SDGs), Konvensi PBB tentang Keanekaragaman Hayati (CBD), Konvensi untuk Memerangi Desertifikasi (UNCCD), dan Konvensi Kerangka Kerja tentang Perubahan Iklim ( UNFCCC).[1]
Suatu ekosistem dianggap memiliki integritas ketika struktur, komposisi, dan proses ekologisnya berada dalam jangkauan alaminya.[6]
172 negara telah diberi peringkat:[7]
Negara | Nilai FLIII | Integritas rendah (km2) | Integritas sedang (km2) | Integritas tinggi (km2) | Luas hutan keseluruhan (km2) | Peta |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Seychelles | 10 | 0 | 0 | 68 | 68 | |
Sudan | 9.8 | 1 | 72 | 495 | 569 | |
Guyana | 9.58 | 4,162 | 40,817 | 147,413 | 192,391 | |
Sudan Selatan | 9.45 | 5,083 | 59,389 | 146,218 | 210,691 | |
Suriname | 9.39 | 6,796 | 25,031 | 107,954 | 139,781 | |
Mongolia | 9.36 | 520 | 11,915 | 27,407 | 39,841 | |
Republik Afrika Tengah | 9.28 | 30,161 | 139,350 | 379,097 | 548,608 | |
Botswana | 9.13 | 13 | 187 | 372 | 572 | |
Gabon | 9.07 | 11,780 | 118,348 | 120,852 | 250,979 | |
Rusia | 9.02 | 739,484 | 2,245,281 | 5,137,079 | 8,121,843 | |
Kanada | 8.99 | 480,206 | 1,027,386 | 2,968,268 | 4,475,860 | |
Republik Kongo | 8.89 | 24,512 | 124,215 | 158,184 | 306,911 | |
Kyrgyzstan | 8.86 | 329 | 2,819 | 2,761 | 5,909 | |
Peru | 8.86 | 85,793 | 190,547 | 509,720 | 786,061 | |
Afghanistan | 8.85 | 90 | 1,475 | 977 | 2,542 | |
Bhutan | 8.85 | 1,620 | 16,769 | 10,140 | 28,529 | |
Papua New Guinea | 8.84 | 37,294 | 183,415 | 216,355 | 437,064 | |
Vanuatu | 8.82 | 734 | 5,322 | 4,448 | 10,504 | |
Venezuela | 8.78 | 64,650 | 170,792 | 351,112 | 586,554 | |
Tajikistan | 8.65 | 34 | 137 | 130 | 301 | |
Bolivia | 8.47 | 78,745 | 280,532 | 272,007 | 631,284 | |
Namibia | 8.43 | 5 | 13 | 17 | 36 | |
Angola | 8.35 | 105,487 | 284,054 | 315,895 | 705,436 | |
Fiji | 8.35 | 1,753 | 10,802 | 3,594 | 16,148 | |
Kolombia | 8.26 | 150,737 | 272,442 | 428,320 | 851,499 | |
Kazakhstan | 8.23 | 6,068 | 18,926 | 15,294 | 40,288 | |
Palau | 8.09 | 45 | 333 | 9 | 387 | |
Korea Utara | 8.02 | 8,374 | 40,156 | 8,410 | 56,939 | |
Kamerun | 8 | 66,191 | 181,336 | 119,263 | 366,789 | |
Guinea Khatulistiwa | 7.99 | 3,982 | 17,595 | 5,007 | 26,585 | |
Georgia | 7.79 | 6,982 | 17,803 | 9,784 | 34,570 | |
Brunei Darussalam | 7.71 | 1,102 | 2,842 | 1,498 | 5,442 | |
Komoro | 7.69 | 284 | 1,149 | 82 | 1,515 | |
Iran | 7.67 | 3,361 | 12,930 | 2,162 | 18,453 | |
Ekuador | 7.66 | 48,822 | 77,585 | 73,492 | 199,900 | |
DRC | 7.56 | 533,118 | 935,508 | 727,983 | 2,196,608 | |
Mikronesia | 7.55 | 8 | 35 | 0 | 43 | |
Brasil | 7.52 | 1,374,902 | 1,354,961 | 2,338,101 | 5,067,963 | |
Zambia | 7.5 | 96,969 | 164,376 | 110,822 | 372,167 | |
Makedonia Utara | 7.42 | 2,034 | 7,090 | 459 | 9,583 | |
Pakistan | 7.42 | 2,090 | 7,859 | 1,139 | 11,088 | |
Lesotho | 7.4 | 1 | 4 | 0 | 5 | |
Chili | 7.37 | 56,849 | 41,971 | 93,537 | 192,357 | |
Bahama | 7.35 | 741 | 1,935 | 399 | 3,075 | |
Nepal | 7.23 | 13,785 | 41,992 | 3,760 | 59,538 | |
Australia | 7.22 | 117,672 | 239,624 | 103,852 | 461,148 | |
Argentina | 7.21 | 98,249 | 189,966 | 72,557 | 360,772 | |
Kepulauan Solomon | 7.19 | 6,871 | 15,310 | 3,149 | 25,329 | |
Myanmar | 7.18 | 129,745 | 220,188 | 96,924 | 446,857 | |
Etiopia | 7.16 | 52,652 | 84,430 | 44,397 | 181,479 | |
Mali | 7.16 | 451 | 996 | 140 | 1,586 | |
Somalia | 7.16 | 347 | 1,384 | 46 | 1,777 | |
Tiongkok | 7.14 | 533,800 | 974,431 | 301,051 | 1,809,282 | |
Tanzania | 7.13 | 123,997 | 159,712 | 122,812 | 406,521 | |
Selandia Baru | 7.12 | 34,503 | 44,155 | 35,334 | 113,992 | |
Senegal | 7.11 | 847 | 2,456 | 162 | 3,465 | |
Timor Leste | 7.11 | 1,783 | 7,008 | 47 | 8,838 | |
India | 7.09 | 117,992 | 254,792 | 54,428 | 427,211 | |
Siprus | 7.06 | 388 | 1,026 | 18 | 1,432 | |
Norwegia | 6.98 | 39,343 | 67,383 | 16,627 | 123,352 | |
Saint Vincent dan Grenadine | 6.95 | 91 | 221 | 0 | 312 | |
Mozambik | 6.93 | 150,665 | 189,362 | 115,379 | 455,406 | |
Meksiko | 6.82 | 193,908 | 280,445 | 121,842 | 596,195 | |
Albania | 6.77 | 2,426 | 5,256 | 122 | 7,805 | |
Uzbekistan | 6.77 | 214 | 227 | 199 | 640 | |
Maroko | 6.74 | 2,260 | 4,076 | 451 | 6,787 | |
Amerika Serikat | 6.65 | 1,328,079 | 1,144,693 | 658,645 | 3,131,417 | |
Sao Tome dan Principe | 6.64 | 31 | 140 | 0 | 171 | |
Trinidad dan Tobago | 6.62 | 1,478 | 2,176 | 418 | 4,072 | |
Yunani | 6.6 | 14,548 | 27,833 | 1,078 | 43,459 | |
Indonesia | 6.6 | 535,370 | 509,018 | 431,973 | 1,476,361 | |
Azerbaijan | 6.55 | 4,820 | 7,189 | 1,534 | 13,543 | |
Montenegro | 6.41 | 2,949 | 4,778 | 82 | 7,809 | |
Paraguay | 6.39 | 78,538 | 102,626 | 29,877 | 211,041 | |
Turki | 6.39 | 43,043 | 68,243 | 3,516 | 114,801 | |
Taiwan | 6.38 | 8,786 | 14,547 | 1,453 | 24,786 | |
Tanjung Verde | 6.37 | 27 | 38 | 0 | 65 | |
Panama | 6.37 | 25,420 | 21,310 | 14,605 | 61,336 | |
Kamboja | 6.31 | 30,143 | 31,939 | 16,349 | 78,431 | |
Turkmenistan | 6.31 | 5 | 33 | 0 | 37 | |
Zimbabwe | 6.31 | 9,450 | 14,417 | 1,644 | 25,511 | |
Nigeria | 6.2 | 64,621 | 65,355 | 24,307 | 154,283 | |
Chad | 6.18 | 5,261 | 6,016 | 1,910 | 13,187 | |
Saint Lucia | 6.17 | 235 | 316 | 0 | 551 | |
Belize | 6.15 | 7,004 | 7,957 | 2,744 | 17,705 | |
Bulgaria | 6.09 | 18,884 | 26,325 | 847 | 46,057 | |
Korea Selatan | 6.02 | 25,060 | 32,009 | 888 | 57,956 | |
Thailand | 6 | 86,276 | 89,326 | 33,612 | 209,214 | |
Bosnia dan Herzegovina | 5.99 | 13,387 | 17,031 | 574 | 30,993 | |
Romania | 5.95 | 38,395 | 48,394 | 607 | 87,395 | |
Filipina | 5.91 | 91,820 | 100,831 | 8,393 | 201,044 | |
Togo | 5.88 | 5,064 | 4,522 | 1,076 | 10,662 | |
Benin | 5.86 | 4,724 | 3,698 | 1,769 | 10,191 | |
Sri Lanka | 5.83 | 20,.541 | 22,390 | 1,613 | 44,544 | |
Jepang | 5.8 | 135,783 | 133,480 | 16,005 | 285,268 | |
Malawi | 5.74 | 12,514 | 12,167 | 2,396 | 27,078 | |
Guinea-Bissau | 5.7 | 9,274 | 8,702 | 855 | 18,831 | |
Laos | 5.59 | 92,986 | 80,564 | 19,252 | 192,801 | |
Armenia | 5.46 | 1,894 | 1,681 | 3 | 3,577 | |
Mauritius | 5.46 | 567 | 478 | 0 | 1,045 | |
Bangladesh | 5.45 | 10,013 | 7,251 | 1,947 | 19,211 | |
Kuba | 5.4 | 22,605 | 18,460 | 1,632 | 42,697 | |
Swedia | 5.35 | 174,415 | 109,779 | 23,494 | 307,687 | |
Vietnam | 5.35 | 82,551 | 75,353 | 9,588 | 167,492 | |
Serbia | 5.29 | 17,513 | 14,112 | 516 | 32,141 | |
Aljazair | 5.22 | 7,418 | 6,044 | 81 | 13,543 | |
Kosovo | 5.19 | 2,628 | 1,775 | 47 | 4,450 | |
Tunisia | 5.14 | 1,354 | 987 | 0 | 2,340 | |
Finlandia | 5.08 | 144,310 | 83,572 | 9,294 | 237,176 | |
Jamaika | 5.01 | 5,362 | 3,249 | 158 | 8,770 | |
Malaysia | 5.01 | 130,825 | 91,957 | 21,499 | 244,281 | |
Afrika Selatan | 4.94 | 45,489 | 34,968 | 3,196 | 83,653 | |
Kroasia | 4.92 | 15,732 | 10,522 | 379 | 26,633 | |
Guinea | 4.9 | 81,702 | 54,877 | 2,895 | 139,475 | |
Libya | 4.85 | 15 | 2 | 0 | 17 | |
Liberia | 4.79 | 51,975 | 31,162 | 11,025 | 94,163 | |
Antigua dan Barbuda | 4.72 | 114 | 92 | 0 | 206 | |
Kosta Rika | 4.65 | 27,164 | 12,838 | 4,164 | 44,167 | |
Madagascar | 4.63 | 120,340 | 66,584 | 11,922 | 198,846 | |
Gambia | 4.56 | 181 | 85 | 0 | 266 | |
Saint Kitts dan Nevis | 4.55 | 95 | 50 | 0 | 145 | |
Ghana | 4.53 | 57,519 | 28,901 | 2,160 | 88,580 | |
Prancis | 4.52 | 161,987 | 49,496 | 74,121 | 285,604 | |
Burundi | 4.5 | 6,882 | 3,841 | 46 | 10,769 | |
Liechtenstein | 4.5 | 59 | 42 | 0 | 101 | |
Honduras | 4.48 | 57,899 | 23,802 | 3,692 | 85,392 | |
Andorra | 4.45 | 170 | 49 | 0 | 219 | |
Uganda | 4.36 | 77,303 | 36,381 | 7,507 | 121,190 | |
Slovakia | 4.34 | 17,615 | 8,165 | 0 | 25,781 | |
Spanyol | 4.23 | 82,770 | 46,013 | 133 | 128,916 | |
Grenada | 4.22 | 221 | 86 | 0 | 308 | |
Eswatini | 4.21 | 5,054 | 2,501 | 14 | 7,569 | |
Kenya | 4.2 | 28,427 | 13,558 | 4,702 | 46,686 | |
Republik Dominika | 4.19 | 19,890 | 9,364 | 518 | 29,772 | |
Israel | 4.14 | 170 | 85 | 0 | 255 | |
El Salvador | 4.05 | 8,837 | 2,947 | 0 | 11,784 | |
Haiti | 4.01 | 7,116 | 2,831 | 12 | 9,959 | |
Guatemala | 3.85 | 58,572 | 18,764 | 5,592 | 82,928 | |
Rwanda | 3.85 | 5,665 | 2,170 | 619 | 8,454 | |
Slovenia | 3.78 | 11,065 | 3,791 | 0 | 14,856 | |
Lebanon | 3.76 | 541 | 115 | 0 | 656 | |
Italia | 3.65 | 79,403 | 26,858 | 25 | 106,286 | |
Pantai Gading | 3.64 | 158,010 | 41,005 | 7,288 | 206,303 | |
Suriah | 3.64 | 841 | 282 | 0 | 1,123 | |
Belarus | 3.63 | 77,870 | 20,847 | 91 | 98,808 | |
Nikaragua | 3.63 | 65,356 | 17,646 | 4,858 | 87,860 | |
Uruguay | 3.61 | 11,793 | 3,998 | 0 | 15,791 | |
Irak | 3.59 | 104 | 9 | 0 | 113 | |
Austria | 3.55 | 36,666 | 12,422 | 21 | 49,109 | |
Swiss | 3.53 | 13,636 | 4,412 | 10 | 18,058 | |
Ukraina | 3.3 | 89,540 | 20,183 | 176 | 109,900 | |
Estonia | 3.05 | 24,473 | 4,832 | 52 | 29,358 | |
Jordania | 2.79 | 12 | 0 | 0 | 12 | |
Sierra Leone | 2.76 | 52,512 | 11,858 | 640 | 65,010 | |
Jerman | 2.28 | 122,168 | 11,307 | 0 | 133,475 | |
Hungaria | 2.25 | 18,729 | 2,047 | 0 | 20,776 | |
Polandia | 2.24 | 101,886 | 7,103 | 0 | 108,989 | |
Moldova | 2.2 | 3,113 | 202 | 0 | 3,315 | |
Latvia | 2.09 | 38,164 | 2,137 | 0 | 40,301 | |
Ceko | 1.71 | 32,161 | 1,611 | 0 | 33,772 | |
UK | 1.65 | 29,149 | 2,917 | 35 | 32,101 | |
Lithuania | 1.62 | 24,554 | 930 | 0 | 25,484 | |
Belgia | 1.36 | 8,803 | 297 | 0 | 9,099 | |
Luxembourg | 1.12 | 1,170 | 0 | 0 | 1,170 | |
Singapura | 1.11 | 170 | 2 | 0 | 172 | |
Dominika | 1.06 | 531 | 2 | 0 | 533 | |
Irlandia | 0.92 | 5,283 | 96 | 0 | 5,378 | |
Portugal | 0.82 | 25,966 | 553 | 0 | 26,519 | |
Belanda | 0.6 | 5,250 | 72 | 0 | 5,322 | |
Mesir | 0.56 | 4,772 | 218 | 69 | 5,059 | |
Denmark | 0.5 | 5,756 | 31 | 0 | 5,787 | |
San Marino | 0.01 | 7 | 0 | 0 | 7 | |
Negara dengan rata-rata FLII tinggi (8-10)
Negara dengan rata-rata FLII sedang (5-7.99)
Negara dengan rata-rata FLII rendah (0-4.99)
|
Indeks ini ditulis oleh tim ahli konservasi hutan global, termasuk:[1]
Institusi | Pengarang |
---|---|
Asosiasi Konservasi Margasatwa, Bronx | H.S. Grantham; A.Duncan; T.D. Evans; K.R. Jones; J. Walston; J.G. Robinson; M. Callow; T. Klemens; H.M. Costa; A.DeGemmis; PR Elsen; P.Franco; S. Jupiter; A.Kang; S. Lieberman; M. Linkie; M. Mendez; C. Samper; J. Silverman; T. Stevens; E. Stokes; T. Robek; R. Tizard; S.Wang; J.E.M. Watson |
Universitas Queensland, Brisbane | H.L. Beyer; S. Maxwell; H. Possingham; J.E.M. Watson |
Universitas Carleton, Ottawa | R. Schuster |
Asosiasi Konservasi Margasatwa Kanada, Toronto | J.C. Ray |
Program Pembangunan Perserikatan Bangsa-Bangsa, Manhattan | J. Ervin |
Institut Sumber Daya Dunia, Washington, DC | E. Goldman; R.Taylor |
Universitas Arizona Utara, Flagstaff | S. Goetz; P.Jantz |
Universitas Negeri Montana, Bozeman | A.Hansen |
Yayasan Hutan Hujan Norwegia, Oslo | E. Hofsvang |
Konservasi Margasatwa Global, Austin, Texas | P. Langhammer; R. Mittermeier |
Universitas Negeri Arizona, Tempe, Arizona | P.Langhammer |
Universitas James Cook, Cairns | W. F.Laurance; N.J. Murray |
Universitas Oxford, Oxford | Y. Malhi |
The Nature Conservancy, Arlington, Virginia | H. Possingham |
Jet Propulsion Laboratory, Pasadena, California | S.Saatchi |
Dana Dunia untuk Alam Jerman, Berlin | A. Shapiro |
Institut Keberlanjutan Internasional, Rio de Janeiro | B. Strassburg |
Universitas Northern British Columbia, Prince George, British Columbia | O. Venter |
Institut Internasional untuk Analisis Sistem Terapan, Laxenburg, Austria | P. Visconti |
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