Toussaint Louverture
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François-Dominique Toussaint Louverture ( French: [fʁɑ̃swa dɔminik tusɛ̃ luvɛʁtyʁ], English: / ˌ l uː v ər ˈ tj ʊər / ) [1] kuma aka sani da Toussaint L'Ouverture ko Toussaint Bréda ; 20 ga Mayu 1743 - 7 ga Afrilu 1803)Janar ne na Haiti kuma fitaccen jagoran juyin juya halin Haiti .A lokacin rayuwarsa, Louverture ya fara yaƙi da Faransawa,sa'an nan kuma a gare su,sa'an nan kuma a kan Faransa sake don dalilin 'yancin kai Haiti.A matsayinsa na jagoran juyin juya hali,Louverture ya nuna aikin soja da na siyasa wanda ya taimaka wajen canza tawayen bawa zuwa wani yunkuri na juyin juya hali . Louverture yanzu ana kiransa "Uban Haiti".
Toussaint Louverture | |
---|---|
Rayuwa | |
Haihuwa | Cap-Haïtien (en) , 20 Mayu 1743 |
ƙasa |
Saint-Domingue French First Republic (en) French constitutional monarchy (en) Kingdom of France (en) Faransa |
Mutuwa | Fort de Joux (en) , 7 ga Afirilu, 1803 |
Yanayin mutuwa | Sababi na ainihi (Ciwon huhu) |
Ƴan uwa | |
Mahaifi | Gaou Guinou |
Abokiyar zama | Suzanne Simone Baptiste Louverture (en) |
Yara | |
Karatu | |
Harsuna |
Faransanci Turanci |
Sana'a | |
Sana'a | ɗan siyasa da soja |
Mahalarcin
| |
Aikin soja | |
Fannin soja | French Army (en) |
Digiri |
divisional general (en) Janar |
Ya faɗaci | Napoleonic Wars (en) |
Imani | |
Addini | Cocin katolika |
Jam'iyar siyasa | Jacobins (en) |
An haifi Louverture a bauta a yankin Saint-Domingue na Faransa,wanda yanzu ake kira Haiti .Shi dan Katolika ne mai kishin addini wanda ya zama dan yanci kafin juyin juya hali kuma,da zarar an sake shi,an gano shi a matsayin Bafaranshe ga mafi yawan rayuwarsa.A lokacin da yake ’yantacce ya yi ƙoƙari ya haura ƙwaƙƙwaran tsani na zamantakewa a tsibirin,yana yaƙi da wariyar launin fata yayin da yake samun da kuma yin asarar dukiya mai yawa yayin aiki a matsayin mai shuka,mai bawa,koci,muleteer da miller a cikin gonaki da yawa.A farkon juyin juya halin Haiti yana da kusan shekaru 50 kuma ya fara aikinsa na soja a matsayin Laftanar Biassou,jagoran farko na Yaƙin 'Yanci a 1791 a Saint-Domingue. Da farko yana da alaƙa da Spaniards na makwabciyar Santo Domingo,Louverture ya sauya mubaya'arsa ga Faransawa lokacin da sabuwar gwamnatin Republican ta soke bautar.A hankali Louverture ya kafa iko a kan dukan tsibirin kuma ya yi amfani da tasirin siyasa da na soja don samun rinjaye a kan abokan hamayyarsa.
A cikin shekarunsa na mulki,ya yi aiki don daidaita tattalin arziki da tsaro na Saint-Domingue.Damuwa game da tattalin arziki,wanda ya tsaya cik,ya maido da tsarin shuka ta hanyar amfani da aikin da aka biya;sun yi shawarwari kan yarjejeniyoyin kasuwanci da Burtaniya da Amurka tare da kula da manya-manyan dakaru masu horarwa.[2]Ko da yake Louverture bai yanke hulda da Faransa ba a cikin 1800 bayan ya kayar da shugabannin hamayya tsakanin al'ummar juyin juya hali na Haiti,ya kaddamar da kundin tsarin mulki na mulkin mallaka a 1801 wanda ya sanya shi a matsayin Gwamna-Janar na Rayuwa,har ma da burin Napoleon Bonaparte .
A cikin 1802,Janar Janar Jean-Baptiste Brunet na Faransa ya gayyace shi zuwa parley, amma an kama shi da isowarsa.An fitar da shi zuwa Faransa kuma aka daure shi a Fort de Joux . Ya mutu a shekara ta 1803.Ko da yake Louverture ya mutu kafin mataki na karshe da tashin hankali na juyin juya halin Haiti,nasarorin da ya samu sun kafa dalilin nasarar karshe na sojojin Haiti. Wahalar asara mai yawa a fadace-fadace da yawa a hannun sojojin Haiti da kuma rasa dubunnan mutane zuwa zazzabin rawaya,Faransawa sun jajirce suka fice daga Saint-Domingue na dindindin a wannan shekarar.Juyin Juya Halin Haiti ya ci gaba da mulkin Louverture,Jean-Jacques Dessalines, wanda ya ayyana 'yancin kai a ranar 1 ga Janairun 1804,ta haka ya kafa 'yancin kai na Haiti.