Suleiman Mai Girma
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Suleiman I (Ottoman Turkish; Turkish: I. Süleyman; 6 Nuwamba 1494 – 6 Satumba 1566), wanda aka fi sani da Suleiman Mai Girma a Yamma da Suleiman Mai Ba da Doka (Ottoman Turkish) a mulkinsa, shi ne Sarkin Musulmi na goma kuma mafi dadewa a kan daular Usmaniyya daga 1520 har zuwa rasuwarsa a shekara ta 1566. :541–45A karkashin gwamnatinsa, daular Usmaniyya ta yi mulki sama da akalla 25 mutane miliyan.[1]
Suleiman Mai Girma | |||
---|---|---|---|
10 Oktoba 1520 - 17 Satumba 1566 ← Selim I (en) - Selim II (en) → | |||
Rayuwa | |||
Haihuwa | Trabzon (en) , 6 Nuwamba, 1494 | ||
ƙasa | Daular Usmaniyya | ||
Mazauni | Topkapı Palace (en) | ||
Mutuwa | Szigetvár (en) , 6 Satumba 1566 (Gregorian) | ||
Makwanci | Tomb of Suleiman the Magnificent (en) | ||
Yanayin mutuwa | Sababi na ainihi (Kashin jini) | ||
Ƴan uwa | |||
Mahaifi | Selim I | ||
Mahaifiya | Hafsa Sultan | ||
Abokiyar zama |
Gülfem Hatun (en) Fülane Hatun (en) Mahidevran Gülbahar Hatun (en) (1514 - 7 Satumba 1566) Hürrem Sultan (en) (1531 (Gregorian) - 15 ga Afirilu, 1558 (Gregorian)) | ||
Ma'aurata |
Fülane Hatun (en) Gülfem Hatun (en) | ||
Yara | |||
Ahali | Hatice Sultan (en) , Beyhan Sultan (en) , Şah Huban Sultan (en) , Fatma Sultan (en) da Hafize Sultan (en) | ||
Yare | Ottoman dynasty (en) | ||
Karatu | |||
Harsuna | Turkanci | ||
Sana'a | |||
Sana'a | maiwaƙe, ruler (en) , legislator (en) , Shugaban soji da ɗan siyasa | ||
Imani | |||
Addini | Musulunci | ||
Suleiman ya gaji mahaifinsa, Selim I, a matsayin sarki a ranar 30 ga watan Satumbar 1520 kuma ya fara mulkinsa tare da yakin adawa da ikon Kirista a tsakiyar Turai da Bahar Rum. Belgrade ya fada masa a 1521 da tsibirin Rhodes a 1522-23. A Mohács, a cikin watan Agusta 1526, Suleiman ya karya ƙarfin soja na Hungary.
Suleiman ya zama fitaccen sarki a Turai a karni na 16, wanda ya jagoranci kolin daular Usmaniyya ta tattalin arziki, soja da siyasa. Suleiman da kansa ya jagoranci sojojin daular Usmaniyya wajen cin galaba a kan matsugunan Kiristoci na Belgrade da Rhodes da kuma mafi yawan kasar Hungary kafin a duba yakinsa a kewayen Vienna a shekara ta 1529. Ya mamaye gabas ta tsakiya da yawa a cikin rikicinsa da Safawiyawa da manyan yankuna na Arewacin Afirka har zuwa yammacin Aljeriya. A karkashin mulkinsa, rundunar Ottoman ta mamaye tekuna daga Bahar Rum zuwa Bahar Maliya da kuma ta Tekun Fasha. [2] :61
A jagorancin daula mai faɗaɗawa, Suleiman da kansa ya kafa manyan sauye-sauye na shari'a da suka shafi al'umma, ilimi, haraji da kuma dokokin laifuka. Gyaran da ya yi, wanda aka yi tare da babban jami'in shari'a na daular Ebussuud Efendi, ya daidaita dangantakar da ke tsakanin nau'o'i biyu na dokokin Ottoman: Sultan (Kanun) da na addini (Shari'a). Ya kasance fitaccen mawaki kuma maƙerin zinariya; ya kuma zama babban majibincin al'adu, yana kula da zamanin "Golden" na Daular Usmaniyya a fannin fasaha, adabi da raya gine-gine. [3]
Da yake karya al'adar Ottoman, Suleiman ya auri Hürrem Sultan, wata mace daga cikin 'ya'yansa, Kiristan Orthodox 'yar Ruthenia wanda ya karbi Musulunci, kuma wanda ya shahara a Yamma da sunan Roxelana, saboda jajayen gashinta. Ɗansu, Selim II, ya gaji Suleiman bayan mutuwarsa a shekara ta 1566 bayan shekaru 46 yana mulki. Sauran magada Suleiman, Mehmed da Mustafa, sun rasu; Mehmed ya mutu a shekara ta 1543 daga cutar sankarau, kuma Mustafa an shake shi har lahira a shekara ta 1553 bisa umarnin sarkin musulmi. An kashe dansa Bayezid a 1561 bisa umarnin Suleiman, tare da ’ya’yan Bayezid hudu, bayan tawaye. Ko da yake malamai yawanci suna ɗaukar lokacin bayan mutuwarsa a matsayin tashin hankali da daidaitawa maimakon raguwa mai sauƙi, ƙarshen mulkin Suleiman ya zama ruwan dare a tarihin Ottoman. A cikin shekarun da suka gabata bayan Suleiman, daular ta fara samun sauye-sauye na siyasa, hukumomi, da tattalin arziki, al'amarin da aka fi sani da Canji na Daular Ottoman. :11