intsektuen ordena From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Kakalardoak (Coleoptera ordena) 360.000 espezie dituen intsektu ordena bat da. Animalia erreinuan dagoen ordenarik handiena da, Lepidoptera, Hymenoptera eta Dipteraren aurretik. Onddoak bezainbeste espezie daude edo ugaztunak baino 66 aldiz gehiago.
Coleopteraren barruan dibertsitate morfologiko handia dago. Kakarraldoak ia edozein lekutan bizi daitezke, baita ur gezatan ere, nahiz eta ingurune itsastarretan oso gutxi diren. Coleoptera gehienak belarjaleak dira eta espezie asko izurritea izan daitezke landatutako eremuetan.
Kakalardoen taldeko espezieek metamorfosi konplexua burutzen dute, hau da, arraultzetik larba itxuran irteten dira, eta pupa fase bat iragan behar dute helduarora heltzeko.
Espezieen artean elikadura ohitura ezberdin anitz diren arren, kakalardo gehienek mastekatzaile motako aho-aparatua dute. Elikadurari dagokionez, kakalardoen artean badira belarjaleak (hostoak, haziak, sustraiak, zura, polena... jaten dituztenak), koprofagoak (gorotzez elikatzen direnak), haragijaleak (ehiztari eta sarraskijaleak), onddojaleak...
Aurreko hegoak oso gogorrak dira eta elitro izena ematen zaie. Hauek sortzen duten oskolaz toraxaren atzealdea babesten dute, baita bigarren hego parea eta abdomena ere. Aurreko hegoak ez dituzte erabiltzen hegaz egiteko baina altxatu behar dituzte espezie gehienetan atzeko hegoak erabili ahal izateko. Pausatzen direnean atzeko hegoak elitroen barruan gordetzen dira. Kakarraldo gehienek hegaz egin dezakete, baina oso gutxi dira gai euliek bezain ondo egiteko eta hegaldia bakarrik behar-beharrezkoa denean erabiltzen dute. Espezie batzuetan elitroak ezin dira ireki eta beraz ezin dute hegaz egin.
Euskaraz kakalardo izendapenaz gain, beste hauek ere erabiltzen dira: kakarraldo, kotxorro, arkulo edo arkamele.
Hauek dira lau subordenen artean proposaturiko erlazio filogenetikoak[1]:
| Coleoptera |
| ||||||||||||||||||
Talde hauei desagerturiko protocoleoptera subordena gehi dakieke.
| Familia | Irudia |
|---|---|
| Acanthoceridae | |
| Acanthocnemidae | ;_NHMUK014372311;_Dorsal_habitus_(49866448247).jpg) |
| Aclopidae | |
| Ademosynidae | |
| Aderidae |  |
| Aegialiidae |  |
| Agapythidae |  |
| Agyrtidae |  |
| Akalyptoischiidae | |
| Alexiidae |  |
| Allocorynidae | |
| Allocoryninae | |
| Alloioscarabaeidae | |
| Amphizoidae |  |
| Anamorphidae |  |
| Anthicidae |  |
| Anthribidae |  |
| Aphodiidae |  |
| Apionidae | _(3214659969).jpg) |
| Apophisandridae | |
| Apotomouridae | |
| Archeocrypticidae |  |
| Lucanidae |  |
| Artematopodidae | .jpg) |
| Asiocoleidae | |
| Aspidytidae |  |
| Attalomimidae | |
| Attelabidae |  |
| Aulonocnemidae | |
| Belidae |  |
| Belohinidae | |
| Berendtimiridae | |
| Biphyllidae |  |
| Boganiidae | .jpg) |
| Bolboceratidae | _diptych.jpg) |
| Boleopsidae | |
| Boridae |  |
| Bostrichidae |  |
| Bothrideridae |  |
| Brachyceridae |  |
| Brachypsectridae | |
| Brachypteridae | |
| Brachyrrhinidae | |
| Brenthidae | |
| Brentidae |  |
| Buprestidae |  |
| Byrrhidae |  |
| Byturidae | )_3763.JPG) |
| Callirhipidae | _(15301964659).jpg) |
| Cantharidae |  |
| Carabidae |  |
| Caridae | |
| Catiniidae | |
| Cavognathidae |  |
| Cebrionidae | |
| Cerambycidae |  |
| Cerasommatidiidae | _(30783045728).jpg) |
| Ceratocanthidae |  |
| Cerophytidae |  |
| Cerylonidae |  |
| Cetoniidae |  |
| Chaetosomatidae |  |
| Chalcodryidae |  |
| Chelonariidae |  |
| Chrysomelidae |  |
| Cicindelidae |  |
| Ciidae |  |
| Circaeidae | |
| Clambidae | _(12924039694).png) |
| Cleridae |  |
| Cneoglossidae | |
| Coelocatiniidae | |
| Coleopsidae | |
| Colymbotethidae | |
| Coptoclavidae |  |
| Corylophidae |  |
| Cretohisteridae | |
| Crowsoniellidae |  |
| Cryptolaryngidae | |
| Cryptophagidae |  |
| Cucujidae |  |
| Cupedidae |  |
| Curculionidae |  |
| Curculiopsidae | |
| Cyathoceridae | |
| Cybocephalidae |  |
| Cyclaxyridae |  |
| Dascillidae |  |
| Dasyceridae | |
| Dasytidae |  |
| Decliniidae | |
| Derodontidae |  |
| Diphyllostomatidae | |
| Discolomatidae |  |
| Disteniidae |  |
| Drilidae |  |
| Dryophthoridae |  |
| Dryopidae |  |
| Dynastidae |  |
| Eccoptarthridae | |
| Elateridae |  |
| Electrapatidae | |
| Elmidae |  |
| Elodiidae | |
| Elodophthalmidae | |
| Empelidae | |
| Endecatomidae |  |
| Endomychidae |  |
| Eobelidae | |
| Epimetopidae | .jpg) |
| Eremazidae | |
| Erirhinidae |  |
| Erotylidae |  |
| Euchiridae |  |
| Eucinetidae |  |
| Eucnemidae |  |
| Eugnamptini |  |
| Eulichadidae | |
| Eupsilobiidae |  |
| Eurhynchidae | |
| Euxestidae |  |
| Georissidae |  |
| Georyssidae | |
| Geotrupidae |  |
| Gietellidae | |
| Glaphyridae |  |
| Glaresidae |  |
| Gyrinoidea |  |
| Haliplidae |  |
| Haliploidea |  |
| Haplochelidae | |
| Helophoridae |  |
| Helotidae |  |
| Heteroceridae |  |
| Histeridae |  |
| Hobartiidae | |
| Homalisidae | |
| Hybosoridae |  |
| Hydraenidae |  |
| Hydrochidae |  |
| Hydrophilidae |  |
| Hydroscaphidae |  |
| Hygrobiidae |  |
| Iberobaeniidae | |
| Idiomacerinae | |
| Ipidae | |
| Lampyridae |  |
| Ischaliidae | |
| Ithyceridae | |
| Jacobsoniidae |  |
| Jurasaidae | |
| Jurodidae |  |
| Kaltanocoleidae | |
| Karumiidae | |
| Kateretidae | _(3578017131)_vert.jpg) |
| Labradorocoleidae | |
| Laemophloeidae |  |
| Lagrioididae | |
| Lamingtoniidae |  |
| Languriidae |  |
| Lasiosynidae | |
| Latridiidae |  |
| Lebanophytidae | |
| Leiodidae | _(3635597827).jpg) |
| Lepiceridae |  |
| Liadytidae | |
| Liaoximordellidae | |
| Limnichidae |  |
| Lithoscarabaeidae | |
| Lophocateridae | .jpg) |
| Lutrochidae | .jpg) |
| Lycidae |  |
| Lyctidae | |
| Lymexylidae |  |
| Magnocoleidae | |
| Malachiidae |  |
| Malacodermidae | |
| Mastigocoleidae | |
| Mauroniscidae | |
| Megalopodidae |  |
| Melandryidae |  |
| Melolonthidae | _01.jpg) |
| Melyridae |  |
| Meruidae | |
| Mesocinetidae | |
| Mesophyletidae |  |
| Metaxinidae |  |
| Metrioxeninae | |
| Micromalthidae |  |
| Microsporidae |  |
| Monommatidae | |
| Monotomidae |  |
| Moravocoleidae | |
| Mordellidae |  |
| Murmidiidae |  |
| Mycetaeidae |  |
| Mycetophagidae |  |
| Mycteridae |  |
| Myraboliidae |  |
| Mysteriomorphidae | |
| Nanophyidae |  |
| Nemonychidae |  |
| Nitidulidae |  |
| Nosodendridae |  |
| Noteridae |  |
| Oborocoleidae | |
| Obrieniidae | |
| Ochodaeidae |  |
| Oedemeridae |  |
| Omalisidae |  |
| Omethidae |  |
| Ommatidae |  |
| Orphnidae | |
| Orsodacnidae |  |
| Ostomatidae | |
| Oxycorynidae | |
| Oxypeltidae |  |
| Pachypodidae |  |
| Paelobiidae | |
| Parahygrobiidae | |
| Paralucanidae | |
| Parandrexidae | |
| Passalidae |  |
| Passalopalpidae | |
| Passandridae |  |
| Pelobiidae | |
| Peltidae |  |
| Peltosynidae | |
| Perimylopidae | |
| Permocupedidae |  |
| Permosynidae | |
| Phalacridae |  |
| Phengodidae | .jpg) |
| Phloeostichidae |  |
| Phloiophilidae | .jpg) |
| Phoroschizidae |  |
| Phycosecidae |  |
| Anobiidae |  |
| Plastoceridae | |
| Platypodidae | |
| Pleocomidae |  |
| Podabrocephalidae | |
| Ponomarenkiidae | |
| Ponomarenkiumidae | |
| Praelateriidae | |
| Praemordellidae | |
| Priasilphidae |  |
| Prionoceridae |  |
| Promecheilidae | |
| Propalticidae | |
| Prostomidae |  |
| Protelmidae | |
| Protocucujidae | .jpg) |
| Protopeltidae |  |
| Psephenidae |  |
| Pseudonepidae | |
| Pterocolini | |
| Pterogeniidae | |
| Ptiliidae |  |
| Ptilodactylidae | .png) |
| Ptinidae |  |
| Ptismidae | |
| Pyrochroidae |  |
| Pythidae |  |
| Raymondionymidae | |
| Rentoniidae |  |
| Rhadalidae | |
| Rhagophthalmidae |  |
| Rhinorhipidae |  |
| Rhipiceridae |  |
| Rhipiphoridae | |
| Rhizophagidae | |
| Rhombocoleidae | |
| Rhynchitidae | .jpg) |
| Rhysodidae |  |
| Ripiphoridae |  |
| Rutelidae |  |
| Salpingidae |  |
| Sandalidae | |
| Scarabaeidae |  |
| Schizocoleidae | |
| Schizophoridae | |
| Schizopodidae | |
| Scirtidae |  |
| Scolytidae | |
| Scraptiidae |  |
| Scydmaenidae |  |
| Septiventeridae | |
| Sikhotealiniidae | |
| Silphidae |  |
| Silvanidae |  |
| Sinisilvanidae | |
| Sinodryopitidae | |
| Smicripidae | |
| Sojanocoleidae | |
| Spercheidae |  |
| Sphaeritidae |  |
| Sphaeriusidae | |
| Sphindidae |  |
| Staphylinidae |  |
| Stenotrachelidae |  |
| Synchroidae |  |
| Synteliidae |  |
| Taldycupedidae |  |
| Tasmosalpingidae |  |
| Telegeusidae | |
| Teredidae | .png) |
| Tetrameropseidae | |
| Tetratomidae |  |
| Thanerocleridae |  |
| Throscidae |  |
| Thymalidae | _(31703145871).png) |
| Torridincolidae | .jpg) |
| Trachelostenidae | |
| Trachypachidae |  |
| Triadocupedidae | |
| Triamyxidae |  |
| Triaplidae | |
| Tricoleidae | |
| Trictenotomidae |  |
| Tritarsidae | |
| Tritarsusidae | |
| Trixagidae | |
| Trogidae |  |
| Trogossitidae |  |
| Tshekardocoleidae |  |
| Ulodidae | .jpg) |
| Ulyanidae | |
| Uralocoleidae | |
| Vesperidae |  |
| Wabbelidae | |
| Gyrinidae |  |
| Dermestidae |  |
| Zeugophoridae | |
| Zopheridae |  |
| Bruchidae |  |
| Dytiscidae |  |
| Coccinellidae |  |
| Meloidae |  |
| Tenebrionidae |  |
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