鉛

See also: 铅

鉛 U+925B, 鉛 CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-925B ← 鉚 [U+925A] CJK Unified Ideographs 鉜 → [U+925C]

Translingual

Alternative forms

• The 㕣 component's top can appear as 八, 儿, or 几.

Han character

鉛 (Kangxi radical 167, 金+5, 13 strokes, cangjie input 金金口 (CCR) or 金竹弓口 (CHNR), four-corner 8816₀, composition ⿰釒㕣)

References

• Kangxi Dictionary: page 1301, character 18
• Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 40310
• Dae Jaweon: page 1803, character 19
• Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 6, page 4189, character 1
• Unihan data for U+925B

Chinese

trad.		鉛
simp.		铅
alternative forms		鈆／铅

Chemical element
Pb
Previous: 鉈／铊 (tā) (Tl)
Next: 鉍／铋 (bì) (Bi)

Glyph origin

	Old Chinese
船	*ɦljon
沿	*lon
鉛	*lon

Characters in the same phonetic series (沿) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 

Phono-semantic compound (形聲 / 形声, OC *lon) : semantic 金 (“metal”) + phonetic 㕣 (OC *lon) – a kind of metal.

Etymology

Most varieties have a pronunciation derived from a velar initial.

• Schuessler (2007) see it a re-etymologization towards 掔 (MC khean|khen, “solid; hard”).
• Per Liu (2022), it is from Wu, in which the character 鉛 / 铅 is used to denote an etymon meaning "tinplate" with this velar pronunciation. As for further etymology, Liu suggested it an Indo-European-sourced borrowing, cf. English can (“metal container”).

This etymology is incomplete. You can help Wiktionary by elaborating on the origins of this term.

Pronunciation 1

Variety	Location	edit 鉛
Mandarin	Beijing	/t͡ɕʰian⁵⁵/
	Harbin	/t͡ɕʰian⁴⁴/
	Tianjin	/t͡ɕʰian²¹/
	Jinan	/t͡ɕʰiã²¹³/
	Qingdao	/t͡ɕʰiã²¹³/
	Zhengzhou	/t͡ɕʰian²⁴/
	Xi'an	/t͡ɕʰiã²¹/
	Xining	/t͡ɕʰiã⁴⁴/
	Yinchuan	/t͡ɕʰian⁴⁴/
	Lanzhou	/t͡ɕʰiɛ̃n³¹/
	Ürümqi	/t͡ɕʰian⁴⁴/
	Wuhan	/t͡ɕʰiɛn⁵⁵/
	Chengdu	/yan³¹/
	Guiyang	/t͡ɕʰian⁵⁵/
	Kunming	/t͡ɕʰiɛ̃⁴⁴/
	Nanjing	/t͡ɕʰien³¹/
	Hefei	/t͡ɕʰiĩ²¹/
Jin	Taiyuan	/t͡ɕʰie¹¹/
	Pingyao	/t͡ɕʰiɑŋ¹³/
	Hohhot	/t͡ɕʰie³¹/
Wu	Shanghai	/kʰe⁵³/
	Suzhou	/kʰe̞⁵⁵/
	Hangzhou	/t͡ɕʰiẽ̞³³/
	Wenzhou	/kʰa³³/
Hui	Shexian	/t͡ɕʰie³¹/ /kʰɛ³¹/
	Tunxi	/kʰɔ¹¹/
Xiang	Changsha	/yẽ¹³/
	Xiangtan	/yẽ¹²/
Gan	Nanchang	/ȵyɵn⁴⁵/ ～筆 /kʰan⁴²/ 洋～桶
Hakka	Meixian	/ian¹¹/
	Taoyuan	/ʒen¹¹/
Cantonese	Guangzhou	/jyn²¹/
	Nanning	/yn²¹/
	Hong Kong	/jyn²¹/
Min	Xiamen (Hokkien)	/ian³⁵/
	Fuzhou (Eastern Min)	/yoŋ⁵³/
	Jian'ou (Northern Min)	/yiŋ³³/
	Shantou (Teochew)	/iŋ⁵⁵/
	Haikou (Hainanese)	/in³¹/

Rime
Character	鉛
Reading #	1/1
Initial (聲)	以 (36)
Final (韻)	仙 (78)
Tone (調)	Level (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Closed
Division (等)	III
Fanqie	與專切
Baxter	ywen
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/jiuᴇn/
Pan Wuyun	/jʷiɛn/
Shao Rongfen	/juæn/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/jwian/
Li Rong	/iuɛn/
Wang Li	/jĭwɛn/
Bernhard Karlgren	/i̯wɛn/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	yuán
Expected Cantonese Reflex	jyun4

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	鉛
Reading #	1/1
No.	14281
Phonetic component	沿
Rime group	元
Rime subdivision	3
Corresponding MC rime	沿
Old Chinese	/*lon/

• Mandarin

  (Standard)

  (Pinyin): qiān, yán (qian¹, yan²)

  (Zhuyin): ㄑㄧㄢ, ㄧㄢˊ

  (Chengdu, Sichuanese Pinyin): yuan²

• Cantonese

  (Guangzhou–Hong Kong, Jyutping): jyun⁴

  (Taishan, Wiktionary): yon³

• Gan (Wiktionary): nyyon⁴ / kan¹
• Hakka

  (Sixian, PFS): yèn / yàn

  (Meixian, Guangdong): yan²

• Jin (Wiktionary): qie¹
• Northern Min (KCR): ṳ̂ing
• Eastern Min (BUC): iòng
• Southern Min

  (Hokkien, POJ): iân

  (Teochew, Peng'im): ing⁵ / êng⁵ / iang⁵

• Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): ¹khe
• Xiang (Changsha, Wiktionary): yenn²

---

• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese, standard in Mainland and Taiwan)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: qiān
    • Zhuyin: ㄑㄧㄢ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: cian
    • Wade–Giles: chʻien¹
    • Yale: chyān
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: chian
    • Palladius: цянь (cjanʹ)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡ɕʰi̯ɛn⁵⁵/
      
  • (Standard Chinese, literary variant)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: yán
    • Zhuyin: ㄧㄢˊ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: yán
    • Wade–Giles: yen²
    • Yale: yán
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: yan
    • Palladius: янь (janʹ)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /jɛn³⁵/
  • (Chengdu)
    • Sichuanese Pinyin: yuan²
    • Scuanxua Ladinxua Xin Wenz: uan
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /yan²¹/
• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
    • Jyutping: jyun⁴
    • Yale: yùhn
    • Cantonese Pinyin: jyn⁴
    • Guangdong Romanization: yun⁴
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /jyːn²¹/
  • (Taishanese, Taicheng)
    • Wiktionary: yon³
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /jᵘɔn²²/
• Gan
  • (Nanchang)
    • Wiktionary: nyyon⁴ / kan¹
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /n̠ʲyɵn³⁵/, /kʰan⁴²/
• Hakka
  • (Northern Sixian, incl. Miaoli)
    • Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: yèn
    • Hakka Romanization System: ien^ˇ
    • Hagfa Pinyim: yan²
    • Sinological IPA: /i̯en¹¹/
  • (Southern Sixian, incl. Neipu)
    • Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: yàn
    • Hakka Romanization System: (r)ian^ˇ
    • Hagfa Pinyim: yan²
    • Sinological IPA: /(j)i̯an¹¹/
  • (Meixian)
    • Guangdong: yan²
    • Sinological IPA: /ian¹¹/
• Jin
  • (Taiyuan)⁺
    • Wiktionary: qie¹
    • Sinological IPA (old-style): /t͡ɕʰie¹¹/
• Northern Min
  • (Jian'ou)
    • Kienning Colloquial Romanized: ṳ̂ing
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /yiŋ³³/
• Eastern Min
  • (Fuzhou)
    • Bàng-uâ-cê: iòng
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /yoŋ⁵³/
• Southern Min
  • (Hokkien)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: iân
    • Tâi-lô: iân
    • Phofsit Daibuun: ieen
    • IPA (Xiamen): /iɛn²⁴/
    • IPA (Quanzhou): /iɛn²⁴/
    • IPA (Zhangzhou): /iɛn¹³/
    • IPA (Taipei): /iɛn²⁴/
    • IPA (Kaohsiung): /iɛn²³/
  • (Teochew)
    • Peng'im: ing⁵ / êng⁵ / iang⁵
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: îng / êng / iâng
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /iŋ⁵⁵/, /eŋ⁵⁵/, /iaŋ⁵⁵/

Note:

• ing5 - Chaozhou;
• êng5 - Jieyang;
• iang5 - Shantou, Jieyang, Puning, Huilai.

• Wu
  • (Northern: Shanghai)
    • Wugniu: ¹khe
    • MiniDict: khe^平
    • Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai): ¹khe
    • Sinological IPA (Shanghai): /kʰe⁵³/
• Xiang
  • (Changsha)
    • Wiktionary: yenn²
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /y̯ẽ¹³/

---

• Dialectal data

---

• Middle Chinese: ywen

• Old Chinese

  (Zhengzhang): /*lon/

Definitions

鉛

Wikipedia has articles on:

• 鉛 (Written Standard Chinese^?)
• Lead (English)

1. (chemistry) lead (Pb)
2. lead (in a pencil); graphite

Synonyms

• (lead (Pb)): (Taoism) 嬰兒／婴儿 (yīng'ér)
• (graphite): 石墨 (shímò)

Compounds

• 一氧化鉛 / 一氧化铅 (yīyǎnghuàqiān)
• 丹鉛 / 丹铅
• 丹鉛手 / 丹铅手
• 丹鉛甲乙 / 丹铅甲乙
• 乙酸鉛 / 乙酸铅 (yǐsuānqiān)
• 二氧化鉛 / 二氧化铅 (èryǎnghuàqiān)
• 二硫化鉛 / 二硫化铅
• 反鉛 / 反铅
• 含鉛汽油 / 含铅汽油 (hánqiān qìyóu)
• 四乙基鉛 / 四乙基铅 (sìyǐjīqiān)
• 四氧化三鉛 / 四氧化三铅 (sìyǎnghuàsānqiān)
• 左鉛右槧 / 左铅右椠
• 懷鉛 / 怀铅
• 懷鉛提槧 / 怀铅提椠
• 懷鉛握槧 / 怀铅握椠
• 懷鉛握素 / 怀铅握素
• 抱槧懷鉛 / 抱椠怀铅
• 握槧懷鉛 / 握椠怀铅
• 握素懷鉛 / 握素怀铅
• 握鉛 / 握铅
• 握鉛抱槧 / 握铅抱椠
• 操鉛 / 操铅
• 方鉛礦 / 方铅矿
• 朱鉛 / 朱铅
• 樗鉛 / 樗铅
• 氟化鉛 / 氟化铅
• 氧化鉛 / 氧化铅
• 氫氧化鉛 / 氢氧化铅 (qīngyǎnghuàqiān)
• 氫氧化鉛 / 氢氧化铅 (qīngyǎnghuàqiān)
• 氯化鉛 / 氯化铅 (lǜhuàqiān)
• 氯化鉛 / 氯化铅 (lǜhuàqiān)
• 洗淨鉛華 / 洗净铅华
• 測鉛 / 测铅
• 火鉛 / 火铅
• 無鉛 / 无铅 (wúqiān)
• 無鉛汽油 / 无铅汽油
• 獛鉛 / 獛铅
• 白鉛皮 / 白铅皮
• 白鉛礦 / 白铅矿 (báiqiānkuàng)
• 百鍊鉛 / 百炼铅
• 硫化鉛 / 硫化铅 (liúhuàqiān)
• 硝酸鉛 / 硝酸铅 (xiāosuānqiān)
• 硫酸鉛 / 硫酸铅 (liúsuānqiān)
• 硫酸鉛 / 硫酸铅 (liúsuānqiān)
• 硝酸鉛 / 硝酸铅 (xiāosuānqiān)
• 碘化鉛 / 碘化铅 (diǎnhuàqiān)
• 碳酸鉛 / 碳酸铅
• 磨鉛 / 磨铅
• 磨鉛策蹇 / 磨铅策蹇
• 筆鉛 / 笔铅 (bǐqiān)
• 紅鉛 / 红铅
• 置鉛 / 置铅
• 膏鉛 / 膏铅
• 自動鉛筆 / 自动铅笔 (zìdòng qiānbǐ)
• 華鉛 / 华铅
• 赤鉛礦 / 赤铅矿
• 鉛中毒 / 铅中毒 (qiānzhòngdú)
• 鉛丸 / 铅丸
• 鉛丹 / 铅丹
• 鉛刀 / 铅刀
• 鉛刀一割 / 铅刀一割
• 鉛印 / 铅印 (qiānyìn)
• 鉛坑 / 铅坑
• 鉛垂線 / 铅垂线 (qiānchuíxiàn)
• 鉛子 / 铅子
• 鉛字 / 铅字 (qiānzì)
• 鉛字合金 / 铅字合金
• 鉛容 / 铅容
• 鉛察 / 铅察
• 鉛封 / 铅封
• 鉛幕 / 铅幕
• 鉛彈 / 铅弹
• 鉛摘 / 铅摘
• 鉛擿 / 铅擿
• 鉛板 / 铅板
• 鉛條 / 铅条
• 鉛桶 / 铅桶
• 鉛槧 / 铅椠
• 鉛母 / 铅母
• 鉛水 / 铅水
• 鉛汞 / 铅汞
• 鉛淚 / 铅泪
• 鉛澤 / 铅泽
• 鉛版 / 铅版
• 鉛玻璃 / 铅玻璃
• 鉛球 / 铅球 (qiānqiú)
• 鉛田 / 铅田
• 鉛白 / 铅白
• 鉛直 / 铅直 (qiānzhí)
• 鉛砂 / 铅砂
• 鉛砌 / 铅砌
• 鉛碼 / 铅码
• 鉛礦 / 铅矿 (qiānkuàng)
• 鉛筑 / 铅筑
• 鉛筆 / 铅笔 (qiānbǐ)
• 鉛筆畫 / 铅笔画 (qiānbǐhuà)
• 鉛管 / 铅管
• 鉛粉 / 铅粉 (qiānfěn)
• 鉛粒 / 铅粒
• 鉛紅 / 铅红
• 鉛素 / 铅素
• 鉛絲 / 铅丝
• 鉛膏 / 铅膏
• 鉛色 / 铅色
• 鉛花 / 铅花
• 鉛芯 / 铅芯 (qiānxīn)
• 鉛華 / 铅华 (qiānhuá)
• 鉛藥 / 铅药
• 鉛虎 / 铅虎
• 鉛部 / 铅部
• 鉛鈍 / 铅钝
• 鉛銛 / 铅铦
• 鉛鋒 / 铅锋
• 鉛錘 / 铅锤 (qiānchuí)
• 鉛錢 / 铅钱
• 鉛錫 / 铅锡
• 鉛鍔 / 铅锷
• 鉛鐵 / 铅铁
• 鉛鑞 / 铅镴
• 鉛霜 / 铅霜
• 鉛駑 / 铅驽
• 鉛黃 / 铅黄
• 鉛墨 / 铅墨
• 鉛黛 / 铅黛
• 鉛鼎 / 铅鼎
• 鉻酸鉛 / 铬酸铅 (gèsuānqiān)
• 鉻酸鉛 / 铬酸铅 (gèsuānqiān)
• 飛鉛 / 飞铅
• 養汞調鉛 / 养汞调铅
• 駑鉛 / 驽铅
• 駑馬鉛刀 / 驽马铅刀
• 黑鉛 / 黑铅

 

Pronunciation 2

Rime
Character	鉛
Reading #	1/1
Initial (聲)	以 (36)
Final (韻)	仙 (78)
Tone (調)	Level (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Closed
Division (等)	III
Fanqie	與專切
Baxter	ywen
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/jiuᴇn/
Pan Wuyun	/jʷiɛn/
Shao Rongfen	/juæn/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/jwian/
Li Rong	/iuɛn/
Wang Li	/jĭwɛn/
Bernhard Karlgren	/i̯wɛn/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	yuán
Expected Cantonese Reflex	jyun4

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): yán (yan²)

  (Zhuyin): ㄧㄢˊ

• Cantonese

  (Guangzhou–Hong Kong, Jyutping): jyun⁴

  (Taishan, Wiktionary): yon³

• Hakka (Meixian, Guangdong): yan²
• Southern Min

  (Hokkien, POJ): iân

  (Teochew, Peng'im): ing⁵

---

• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: yán
    • Zhuyin: ㄧㄢˊ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: yán
    • Wade–Giles: yen²
    • Yale: yán
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: yan
    • Palladius: янь (janʹ)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /jɛn³⁵/
• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
    • Jyutping: jyun⁴
    • Yale: yùhn
    • Cantonese Pinyin: jyn⁴
    • Guangdong Romanization: yun⁴
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /jyːn²¹/
  • (Taishanese, Taicheng)
    • Wiktionary: yon³
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /jᵘɔn²²/
• Hakka
  • (Meixian)
    • Guangdong: yan²
    • Sinological IPA: /ian¹¹/
• Southern Min
  • (Hokkien)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: iân
    • Tâi-lô: iân
    • Phofsit Daibuun: ieen
    • IPA (Xiamen): /iɛn²⁴/
    • IPA (Quanzhou): /iɛn²⁴/
    • IPA (Zhangzhou): /iɛn¹³/
    • IPA (Taipei): /iɛn²⁴/
    • IPA (Kaohsiung): /iɛn²³/
  • (Teochew)
    • Peng'im: ing⁵
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: îng
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /iŋ⁵⁵/

---

• Middle Chinese: ywen

Definitions

鉛

1. Used in 鉛山／铅山 (Yánshān).

Japanese

Shinjitai	鉛
Kyūjitai [1]	鉛󠄁 鉛+󠄁? (Adobe-Japan1)
	鉛󠄅 鉛+󠄅? (Hanyo-Denshi) (Moji_Joho)
The displayed kanji may be different from the image due to your environment. See here for details.

Kanji

See also:

Category:Japanese terms spelled with 鉛

鉛

(Jōyō kanji)

Readings

• Go-on: えん (en, Jōyō)
• Kan-on: えん (en, Jōyō)
• Kun: なまり (namari, 鉛, Jōyō)

Etymology 1

Perhaps related to Goguryeo 乃勿 (*namur). Compare Korean 납 (nap).

Pronunciation

Kanji in this term
鉛
なまり Grade: S
kun'yomi

Chemical element
Pb
Previous: タリウム (tariumu) (Tl)
Next: ビスマス (bisumasu) (Bi)

Japanese Wikipedia has an article on:

鉛

Wikipedia ^ja

• (Tokyo) なまり [nàmárí] (Heiban – [0])
• IPA^(key): [na̠ma̠ɾʲi]

Noun

鉛(なまり) • (namari)  (uncountable)

1. lead (chemical element)

Etymology 2

Kanji in this term
鉛
えん Grade: S
on'yomi

From Middle Chinese 鉛 (MC ywen).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [ẽ̞ɴ]

Affix

鉛(えん) • (en) 

1. lead (chemical element)

Derived terms

• 鉛(えん)筆(ぴつ) (enpitsu): pencil

References

1. Haga, Gōtarō (1914) 漢和大辞書 [The Great Kanji-Japanese Dictionary] (in Japanese), Fourth edition, Tōkyō: Kōbunsha, →DOI, page 2180 (paper), page 1142 (digital)

Korean

Hanja

鉛 • (yeon) (hangeul 연)

1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

Vietnamese

Han character

鉛: Hán Việt readings: duyên (余(dư)專(chuyên)切(thiết))^[1]
鉛: Nôm readings: ven^[2], diên^[3], duyên^[3]

1. chữ Hán form of duyên (“lead”).

References

1. Trần (2004).
2. Hồ (1976).
3. Génibrel (1898).