AI tools

習

From Wiktionary, the free dictionary

See also: 习 and 𮊸
習 U+7FD2, 習
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-7FD2
← 翑
[U+7FD1] 		CJK Unified Ideographs 翓 →
[U+7FD3]

Translingual

More information Traditional, Simplified ...
Traditional 習
Simplified 習
Japanese 習
Korean 習
Close

Han character

習 (Kangxi radical 124, 羽+5, 11 strokes, cangjie input 尸一竹日 (SMHA), four-corner 17602, composition ⿱羽白)

Derived characters

References

  • Kangxi Dictionary: page 956, character 23
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 28672
  • Dae Jaweon: page 1402, character 3
  • Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 5, page 3345, character 1
  • Unihan data for U+7FD2

Chinese

More information trad., simp. ...
trad. 習
simp. 习
alternative forms 𮊸
Close

Glyph origin

More information Historical forms of the character 習, Shang ...
Historical forms of the character 習
Shang Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) Liushutong (compiled in Ming)
Oracle bone script Small seal script Transcribed ancient scripts
Close
More information Old Chinese ...
Old Chinese
摺 *ruːb, *ʔljob
磖 *ruːb
褶 *ʔljob, *l'ɯːb, *ljub, *ɦljub
慴 *ʔljob, *l'ɯːb
霫 *slub, *ljub
習 *ljub
鰼 *ljub
騽 *ljub, *ɢrub
飁 *ljub
槢 *ljub
熠 *ɢrub, *lub
Close
Characters in the same phonetic series (習) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 

Ideogrammic compound (會意 / 会意): 羽 (“wings”) + 日 (“sun”) – to learn to fly, to practice flying.

In the current form, 日 (rì, “sun”) has changed to 白 (bái, “white”), so the present form is 羽 (“wings”) + 白 (“white”).

Alternatively, the original form may have been a phono-semantic compound (形聲 / 形声, OC *ljub): phonetic 彗 (OC *sɢʷeds, *ɢʷeds, *sɢʷids) + semantic 日 (“sun”).

Etymology

Two general semantic fields are found in the senses: "to flap the wings; to flutter" and "to practice". They are generally considered to be the same word, with the link being "to repeatedly flap the wings (in order to learn to fly)", a sense attested in Liji.

Area word:

  • Proto-Sino-Tibetan *s-lwap (“to learn”): Tibetan སློབ (slob, “to learn”), སློབས (slobs, “exercise; training”); Mizo tlip (“to repeat; to do again; to perfect”),
  • Mon-Khmer: Khmer ធ្លាប់ (thlŏəp, “to become accustomed to; to have the habit of; marker of continuous action in the past”); Proto-Mon *le̤p ("to know how to, be skilled in") > Mon လေပ် (lèp, “to be versed in”).

Pronunciation

More information Variety, Location ...
Variety Location 習
Mandarin Beijing /ɕi³⁵/
Harbin /ɕi²⁴/
Tianjin /ɕi⁴⁵/
Jinan /ɕi⁴²/
Qingdao /si⁴²/
Zhengzhou /si⁴²/
Xi'an /ɕi²⁴/
Xining /ɕji²⁴/
Yinchuan /ɕi¹³/
Lanzhou /ɕi¹³/
Ürümqi /ɕi²¹³/
Wuhan /ɕi²¹³/
Chengdu /ɕi³¹/
Guiyang /ɕi²¹/
Kunming /ɕi³¹/
Nanjing /siʔ⁵/
Hefei /ɕiəʔ⁵/
Jin Taiyuan /ɕiəʔ⁵⁴/
Pingyao /ɕiʌʔ⁵³/
Hohhot /ɕiəʔ⁴³/
Wu Shanghai /ʑiɪʔ¹/
Suzhou /ziəʔ³/
Hangzhou /d͡ʑiəʔ²/
Wenzhou /zai²¹³/
Hui Shexian /t͡sʰi²²/
Tunxi /t͡sʰe¹¹/
Xiang Changsha /si²⁴/
Xiangtan /si²⁴/
Gan Nanchang /ɕiʔ⁵/
Hakka Meixian /sip̚⁵/
Taoyuan /sip̚⁵⁵/
Cantonese Guangzhou /t͡sap̚²/
Nanning /t͡sɐp̚²²/
Hong Kong /t͡sap̚²/
Min Xiamen (Hokkien) /sip̚⁵/
Fuzhou (Eastern Min) /siʔ⁵/
Jian'ou (Northern Min) /si²⁴/
Shantou (Teochew) /sip̚⁵/
Haikou (Hainanese) /t͡sip̚³/
Close
More information Rime, Character ...
Rime
Character 習
Reading # 1/1
Initial (聲) 邪 (17)
Final (韻) 緝 (141)
Tone (調) Checked (Ø)
Openness (開合) Open
Division (等) III
Fanqie 似入切
Baxter zip
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang		 /ziɪp̚/
Pan
Wuyun		 /zip̚/
Shao
Rongfen		 /zjep̚/
Edwin
Pulleyblank		 /zip̚/
Li
Rong		 /ziəp̚/
Wang
Li		 /zĭĕp̚/
Bernhard
Karlgren		 /zi̯əp̚/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex		 xí
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex		 zap6
Close
More information Character, Reading # ...
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character 習
Reading # 1/1
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin)		 xí
Middle
Chinese		 ‹ zip ›
Old
Chinese		 /*s-ɢʷəp/ (with root *ɢʷəp ‘wing’?)
English repeat; practice

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Close
More information Zhengzhang system (2003), Character ...
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character 習
Reading # 1/1
No. 13387
Phonetic
component		 習
Rime
group		 緝
Rime
subdivision		 3
Corresponding
MC rime		 習
Old
Chinese		 /*ljub/
Close
Note: zap6 - rare.
  • Dialectal data

Definitions

習

  1. (obsolete) to flap (the wings); to flutter; to repeatedly flap the wings
  2. to practice; to exercise; to review
    練習／练习  ―  liànxí  ―  to practice
  3. to study; to learn
    習武／习武  ―  xíwǔ  ―  to learn martial arts
    自習／自习  ―  zìxí  ―  to study by oneself
  4. to become familiar with; to be used to
    習以為常／习以为常  ―  xíyǐwéicháng  ―  to be used to something
    不習水性／不习水性  ―  bùxíshuǐxìng  ―  to not know how to swim
  5. habit; custom
    習慣／习惯  ―  xíguàn  ―  habit; custom
    陋習／陋习  ―  lòuxí  ―  bad habit
  6. (literary, obsolete) trusted follower
  7. often; frequently
    習見／习见  ―  xíjiàn  ―  to frequently see (something)
  8. a surname
    習近平／习近平  ―  Xí Jìnpíng  ―  Xi Jinping, General Secretary of the Communist Party of China

Compounds

Descendants

Sino-Xenic (習):
  • → Japanese: 習(しゅう) (shū)
  • → Korean: 습(習) (seup)
  • → Vietnamese: tập (習)

Others:

References

Japanese

Korean

Vietnamese

Wikiwand - on

Seamless Wikipedia browsing. On steroids.