礪

See also: 砺

礪 U+792A, 礪 CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-792A ← 礩 [U+7929] CJK Unified Ideographs 礫 → [U+792B]

礪 U+F985, 礪 CJK COMPATIBILITY IDEOGRAPH-F985 ← 濾 [U+F984] CJK Compatibility Ideographs 閭 → [U+F986]

Translingual

Han character

礪 (Kangxi radical 112, 石+15, 20 strokes, cangjie input 一口一廿月 (MRMTB), four-corner 1162₇, composition ⿰石厲)

1. whetstone
2. sharpen

References

• Kangxi Dictionary: page 838, character 23
• Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 24571
• Dae Jaweon: page 1255, character 25
• Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 4, page 2461, character 5
• Unihan data for U+792A
• Unihan data for U+F985

Chinese

trad.		礪
simp.		砺
alternative forms		厲／厉

Glyph origin

Historical forms of the character 礪
Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han)
Small seal script

	Old Chinese
糲	*m·raːds, *m·rads, *m·raːd
犡	*m·raːds, *m·rads
噧	*hmreːds, *r̥ʰaːd
邁	*mraːds
勱	*mraːds
蠆	*m̥ʰraːds
厲	*m·rads
勵	*m·rads
礪	*m·rads
蠣	*m·rads
蠇	*m·rads
癘	*m·rads
濿	*m·rads
櫔	*m·rads
巁	*m·rads
贎	*m·rads, *mlans
萬	*mlans

Characters in the same phonetic series (萬) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 

Etymology 1

Pronunciation

Rime
Character	礪
Reading #	1/1
Initial (聲)	來 (37)
Final (韻)	祭 (35)
Tone (調)	Departing (H)
Openness (開合)	Open
Division (等)	III
Fanqie	力制切
Baxter	ljejH
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/liᴇiH/
Pan Wuyun	/liɛiH/
Shao Rongfen	/ljæiH/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/liajH/
Li Rong	/liɛiH/
Wang Li	/lĭɛiH/
Bernard Karlgren	/li̯ɛiH/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	lì
Expected Cantonese Reflex	lai6

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	礪
Reading #	1/1
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	lì
Middle Chinese	‹ ljejH ›
Old Chinese	/*[r]at-s/
English	grindstone
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	礪
Reading #	1/1
No.	12623
Phonetic component	萬
Rime group	祭
Rime subdivision	1
Corresponding MC rime	例
Old Chinese	/*m·rads/

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): lì (li⁴)

  (Zhuyin): ㄌㄧˋ

• Cantonese (Jyutping): lai⁶
• Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ): lē

---

• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: lì
    • Zhuyin: ㄌㄧˋ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: lì
    • Wade–Giles: li⁴
    • Yale: lì
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: lih
    • Palladius: ли (li)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /li⁵¹/
• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
    • Jyutping: lai⁶
    • Yale: laih
    • Cantonese Pinyin: lai⁶
    • Guangdong Romanization: lei⁶
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /lɐi̯²²/
• Southern Min
  • (Hokkien)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: lē
    • Tâi-lô: lē
    • Phofsit Daibuun: le
    • IPA (Xiamen): /le²²/
    • IPA (Quanzhou): /le⁴¹/
    • IPA (Zhangzhou): /le²²/
    • IPA (Taipei): /le³³/
    • IPA (Kaohsiung): /le³³/

---

• Middle Chinese: ljejH

• Old Chinese

  (Baxter–Sagart): /*[r]at-s/

  (Zhengzhang): /*m·rads/

Definitions

礪

1. ^† whetstone

   • 金就礪則利。 [Classical Chinese, trad.]
     金就砺则利。 [Classical Chinese, simp.]

     From: Xunzi, c. 3^rd century BCE

     Jīn jiù lì zé lì. [Pinyin]

     [M]etal that has been put to the whetstone will be sharp. (translation by John Knoblock)

2. ^† to whet; to sharpen

   磨礪／磨砺  ―  mólì  ―  to steel oneself; to harden oneself; to discipline oneself

Compounds

• 帶礪／带砺
• 帶礪山河／带砺山河
• 帶礪河山／带砺河山
• 河山帶礪／河山带砺
• 法礪／法砺
• 淬礪／淬砺 (cuìlì)
• 砥兵礪伍／砥兵砺伍
• 砥志礪行／砥志砺行
• 砥礪／砥砺 (dǐlì)
• 砥節礪行／砥节砺行
• 磨礪／磨砺 (mólì)
• 磨礪以須／磨砺以须
• 礪兵秣馬／砺兵秣马
• 礪吻磨距／砺吻磨距
• 礪山帶河／砺山带河
• 礪帶山河／砺带山河
• 礪戈秣馬／砺戈秣马
• 礪石／砺石

 

Etymology 2

Pronunciation

• Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ): lòe / lè

---

• Southern Min
  • (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: lòe
    • Tâi-lô: luè
    • Phofsit Daibuun: loex
    • IPA (Quanzhou): /lue⁴¹/
    • IPA (Xiamen): /lue²¹/
  • (Hokkien: Zhangzhou)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: lè
    • Tâi-lô: lè
    • Phofsit Daibuun: lex
    • IPA (Zhangzhou): /le²¹/

Definitions

礪

1. (Hokkien) Alternative form of 鑢／𮣶 (“to rub; file (tool); to file”)

Japanese

Shinjitai (extended)	砺
Kyūjitai	礪

Kanji

礪

(Hyōgai kanji, kyūjitai kanji, shinjitai form 砺)

1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

Readings

• Go-on: れ (re)
• Kan-on: れい (rei)
• Kun: あらと (arato, 礪)、みがく (migaku, 礪く)
• Nanori: と (to)

Korean

Hanja

礪 • (ryeo>yeo) (hangeul 려>여, revised ryeo>yeo, McCune–Reischauer ryŏ>yŏ, Yale lye>ye)

1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.