旅

Hill, Nathan W. (2017) “Songs of the Bailang: A New Transcription with Etymological Commentary”, in Bulletin de l'École française d'Extrême-Orient‎, volume 103, pages 386—429

More information simp. and trad., 2nd round simp. ...

simp. and trad.		旅
2nd round simp.		吕
alternative forms		𣃨祣

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Glyph origin

More information Historical forms of the character 旅, Shang ...

Historical forms of the character 旅
Shang	Western Zhou	Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han)	Liushutong (compiled in Ming)
Oracle bone script	Bronze inscriptions	Small seal script	Transcribed ancient scripts

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More information Old Chinese ...

	Old Chinese
玈	*raː
旅	*ɡ·raʔ
膂	*ɡ·raʔ
祣	*raʔ

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Characters in the same phonetic series (旅) (Zhengzhang, 2003)

Ideogrammic compound (會意 / 会意) : 㫃 (“flag”) + 从 (“together”) – brigade. Hence, the original version is 𣃨.

The top component of the character is unrelated to 每, 伤, 复, 乞 as well as 人.

Etymology

anything lined up in a regular fashion > one after another > line up in a row, set forth; troops, multitude: From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *g-ra-t (“bone”) (STEDT, Schuessler, 2007)

guest, stranger, lodging: Unrelated to sense ‘arrange in a series, etc.’ but from Proto-Sino-Tibetan *d-gra (“stranger, enemy”) (STEDT; Bodman, 1980; Schuessler, 2007; Hill, 2019), whence also Tibetan དགྲ (dgra, “enemy”); Schuessler additionally thinks this may belong to a larger group which includes 格 (OC *klaːɡ, *kraːɡ, “to go, to come”). See also Burmese ရန် (ran, “quarrel, strife”), whence also the first syllable of English Yangon.

Pronunciation

More information Rime, Character ...

Rime
Character	旅
Reading #	1/1
Initial (聲)	來 (37)
Final (韻)	魚 (22)
Tone (調)	Rising (X)
Openness (開合)	Open
Division (等)	III
Fanqie	力舉切
Baxter	ljoX
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/lɨʌ^X/
Pan Wuyun	/liɔ^X/
Shao Rongfen	/liɔ^X/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/lɨə̆^X/
Li Rong	/liɔ^X/
Wang Li	/lĭo^X/
Bernhard Karlgren	/li̯wo^X/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	lǚ
Expected Cantonese Reflex	leoi⁵

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More information Character, Reading # ...

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	旅
Reading #	1/1
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	lǚ
Middle Chinese	‹ ljo^X ›
Old Chinese	/*[r]aʔ/
English	military unit of 500 men; to go
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. [t] as coda may in fact be -t or -p; Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

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More information Zhengzhang system (2003), Character ...

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	旅
Reading #	1/1
No.	8600
Phonetic component	旅
Rime group	魚
Rime subdivision	0
Corresponding MC rime	吕
Old Chinese	/*ɡ·raʔ/

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Mandarin
(Standard)
(Pinyin): lǚ (lü³)

(Zhuyin): ㄌㄩˇ

(Chengdu, Sichuanese Pinyin): nü³

(Dungan, Cyrillic and Wiktionary): лү (lü, II)
Cantonese
(Guangzhou–Hong Kong, Jyutping): leoi⁵

(Taishan, Wiktionary): lui⁴
Gan (Wiktionary): li³
Hakka
(Sixian, PFS): lî

(Meixian, Guangdong): li³
Jin (Wiktionary): ly²
Northern Min (KCR): lṳ̌
Eastern Min (BUC): lṳ̄
Puxian Min (Pouseng Ping'ing): ly³
Southern Min
(Hokkien, POJ): lír / lú / lí

(Teochew, Peng'im): li²
Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): ⁶liu; ⁶li
Xiang (Changsha, Wiktionary): li³

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: lǚ
  - Zhuyin: ㄌㄩˇ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: lyǔ
  - Wade–Giles: lü³
  - Yale: lyǔ
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: leu
  - Palladius: люй (ljuj)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /ly²¹⁴/
- (Chengdu)
  - Sichuanese Pinyin: nü³
  - Scuanxua Ladinxua Xin Wenz: ly
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /ny⁵³/
- (Dungan)
  - Cyrillic and Wiktionary: лү (lü, II)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /ly⁵¹/
  (Note: Dungan pronunciation is currently experimental and may be inaccurate.)
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
  - Jyutping: leoi⁵
  - Yale: léuih
  - Cantonese Pinyin: loey⁵
  - Guangdong Romanization: lêu⁵
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /lɵy̯¹³/
- (Taishanese, Taicheng)
  - Wiktionary: lui⁴
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /lui²¹/
Gan
- (Nanchang)
  - Wiktionary: li³
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /li²¹³/
Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
  - Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: lî
  - Hakka Romanization System: li^ˊ
  - Hagfa Pinyim: li¹
  - Sinological IPA: /li²⁴/
- (Meixian)
  - Guangdong: li³
  - Sinological IPA: /li³¹/
Jin
- (Taiyuan)⁺
  - Wiktionary: ly²
  - Sinological IPA (old-style): /ly⁵³/
Northern Min
- (Jian'ou)
  - Kienning Colloquial Romanized: lṳ̌
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /ly²¹/
Eastern Min
- (Fuzhou)
  - Bàng-uâ-cê: lṳ̄
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /l̃y³³/
Puxian Min
- (Putian)
  - Pouseng Ping'ing: ly³
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /ly⁴⁵³/
- (Xianyou)
  - Pouseng Ping'ing: ly³
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /ly³³²/
Southern Min
- (Hokkien: Quanzhou)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: lír
  - Tâi-lô: lír
  - IPA (Quanzhou): /lɯ⁵⁵⁴/
- (Hokkien: Taipei, Xiamen)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: lú
  - Tâi-lô: lú
  - Phofsit Daibuun: luo
  - IPA (Taipei, Xiamen): /lu⁵³/
- (Hokkien: Kaohsiung, Zhangzhou, Jinjiang, Philippines)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: lí
  - Tâi-lô: lí
  - Phofsit Daibuun: lie
  - IPA (Jinjiang, Philippines): /li⁵⁵⁴/
  - IPA (Zhangzhou): /li⁵³/
  - IPA (Kaohsiung): /li⁴¹/
- (Teochew)
  - Peng'im: li²
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: lí
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /li⁵²/
Wu
- (Northern: Shanghai)
  - Wugniu: ⁶liu; ⁶li
  - MiniDict: liu^去; li^去
  - Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai): ³ly; ³li
  - Sinological IPA (Shanghai): /ly²³/, /li²³/
Xiang
- (Changsha)
  - Wiktionary: li³
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /li⁴¹/

Middle Chinese: ljoX

Old Chinese
(Baxter–Sagart): /*[r]aʔ/

(Zhengzhang): /*ɡ·raʔ/

Definitions

旅

(military) brigade
^† army; troops
^† an army consisting of 500 soldiers
- 我徒我御，我師我旅。 [Pre-Classical Chinese, trad.]
  我徒我御，我师我旅。 [Pre-Classical Chinese, simp.]
  From: The Classic of Poetry, c. 11^th – 7^th centuries BCE, translated based on James Legge's version
  Wǒ tú wǒ yù, wǒ shī wǒ lǚ. [Pinyin]
  We went along on foot; we rode in our chariots; our 2500-strong regiment, and our 500-strong battalions.
^† traveller
- 旅貞吉也。 [Pre-Classical Chinese, trad.]
  旅贞吉也。 [Pre-Classical Chinese, simp.]
  From: I Ching, 11^th – 8^th century BCE, translated based on James Legge's version
  Lǚ zhēn jí yě. [Pinyin]
  If the stranger or traveller be firm and correct as he ought to be, there will be good fortune.
journey; trip
^† hotel
to travel
56th hexagram of the I Ching
a surname

Usage notes

(military): Under the National Revolutionary Army, a brigade was composed of two regiments (團). In turn, two brigades formed a division (整編師), a square division.

Compounds

一成一旅
住宅旅社
公文旅行
勁旅 / 劲旅 (jìnglǜ)
商旅 (shānglǚ)
商旅店
單車旅行 / 单车旅行
套裝旅遊 / 套装旅游 (tàozhuāng lǚyóu)
客旅
差旅費 / 差旅费 (chāilǚfèi)
師旅 / 师旅
庭實旅百 / 庭实旅百
徒步旅行
振旅
文件旅遊 / 文件旅游
旅人 (lǚrén)
旅人蕉
旅伴 (lǚbàn)
旅力 (lǚlì)
旅夜書懷 / 旅夜书怀
旅客 (lǚkè)
旅居 (lǚjū)
旅店 (lǚdiàn)
旅思
旅次
旅歷 / 旅历
旅生
旅社 (lǚshè)
旅祉
旅程 (lǚchéng)
旅舍 (lǚshè)
旅行 (lǚxíng)
旅行劇團 / 旅行剧团
旅行包
旅行團 / 旅行团 (lǚxíngtuán)
旅行支票 (lǚxíng zhīpiào)
旅行社 (lǚxíngshè)
旅行車 / 旅行车 (lǚxíngchē)
旅費 / 旅费 (lǚfèi)
旅途 (lǚtú)
旅進旅退 / 旅进旅退
旅遊 / 旅游 (lǚyóu)
旅遊手冊 / 旅游手册
旅遊業 / 旅游业 (lǚyóuyè)
旅邸
旅酬
旅長 / 旅长 (lǚzhǎng)
旅順 / 旅顺 (Lǚshùn)
旅食
旅館 / 旅馆 (lǚguǎn)
旅館業 / 旅馆业
旅鼠 (lǚshǔ)
汽車旅館 / 汽车旅馆 (qìchē lǚguǎn)
畢業旅行 / 毕业旅行
知性之旅
羇旅
羈旅 / 羁旅 (jīlǚ)
自主旅遊 / 自主旅游
自助旅行
自助旅遊 / 自助旅游
虎旅
行旅
觀光旅館 / 观光旅馆
賓旅 / 宾旅
赤軍旅 / 赤军旅
軍旅 / 军旅 (jūnlǚ)
逆旅 (nìlǚ)
陳師鞠旅 / 陈师鞠旅
鞠旅

Shinjitai	旅
Kyūjitai ^[1]^[2]^[3]	旅 `旅` or 旅+`︀`^?
	旅󠄁 旅+`󠄁`^? (Adobe-Japan1)
	旅󠄃 旅+`󠄃`^? (Hanyo-Denshi) (Moji_Joho)
The displayed kanji may be different from the image due to your environment. See here for details.

Kanji

旅

(Third grade kyōiku kanji, shinjitai kanji, kyūjitai form 旅)

trip
travel

Alternative forms

捛

Readings

Go-on: ろ (ro)^{←ろ (ro, historical)}
Kan-on: りょ (ryo, Jōyō)^{←りよ (ryo, historical)}
Kun: たび (tabi, 旅, Jōyō)、つらねる (tsuraneru, 旅ねる)、ならぶ (narabu, 旅ぶ)
Nanori: たか (taka)、もろ (moro)

Compounds

旅(たび)先(さき) (tabisaki, “destination”)
旅(たび)路(じ) (tabiji, “route, itinerary; journey”)
旅(たび)立(だ)ち (tabidachi, “departure (on a trip)”)
旅(たび)人(びと) (tabibito, “traveller”)
旅(りょ)衣(い) (ryoi)
旅(りょ)逸(いつ) (ryoitsu)
旅(りょ)飲(いん) (ryoin)
旅(りょ)鬱(うつ) (ryōtsu)
旅(りょ)懐(かい) (ryokai)
旅(りょ)客(かく) (ryokaku, “passenger”)
旅(りょ)宦(かん) (ryokan)
旅(りょ)館(かん) (ryokan, “inn”)
旅(りょ)雁(がん) (ryogan)
旅(りょ)客(きゃく) (ryokyaku)
旅(りょ)況(きょう) (ryokyō)
旅(りょ)銀(ぎん) (ryogin)
旅(りょ)具(ぐ) (ryogu)
旅(りょ)寓(ぐう) (ryogū)
旅(りょ)見(けん) (ryoken)
旅(りょ)券(けん) (ryoken, “passport”)
旅(りょ)行(こう) (ryokō, “trip, travel, voyage”)
旅(りょ)魂(こん) (ryokon)
旅(りょ)恨(こん) (ryokon)
旅(りょ)祭(さい) (ryosai)
旅(りょ)思(し) (ryoshi)
旅(りょ)次(じ) (ryoji)
旅(りょ)舎(しゃ) (ryosha)
旅(りょ)愁(しゅう) (ryoshū)
旅(りょ)酬(しゅう) (ryoshū)
旅(りょ)宿(しゅく) (ryoshuku)
旅(りょ)順(じゅん) (Ryojun)
旅(りょ)商(しょう) (ryoshō)
旅(りょ)情(じょう) (ryojō)
旅(りょ)食(しょく) (ryoshoku)
旅(りょ)信(しん) (ryoshin)
旅(りょ)人(じん) (ryojin)
旅(りょ)炊(すい) (ryosui)
旅(りょ)帥(すい) (ryosui)
旅(りょ)生(せい) (ryosei)
旅(りょ)荘(そう) (ryosō)
旅(りょ)装(そう) (ryosō)
旅(りょ)僧(そう) (ryosō)
旅(りょ)大(だい) (Ryodai)
旅(りょ)団(だん) (ryodan, “brigade”)
旅(りょ)中(ちゅう) (ryochū)
旅(りょ)鳥(ちょう) (ryochō)
旅(りょ)枕(ちん) (ryochin)
旅(りょ)陳(ちん) (ryochin)
旅(りょ)程(てい) (ryotei)
旅(りょ)亭(てい) (ryotei)
旅(りょ)店(てん) (ryoten)
旅(りょ)途(と) (ryoto)
旅(りょ)囊(のう) (ryonō)
旅(りょ)泊(はく) (ryohaku)
旅(りょ)伴(はん) (ryohan)
旅(りょ)費(ひ) (ryohi, “travel expenses”)
旅(りょ)夢(む) (ryomu)
旅(りょ)夜(や) (ryoya)
旅(りょ)用(よう) (ryoyō)
旅(りょ)路(りょ) (ryoryo)
旅(りょ)力(りょく) (ryoryoku) (膂(りょ)力(りょく))
亜(あ)旅(りょ) (aryo)
逸(いつ)旅(りょ) (itsuryo)
客(かく)旅(りょ) (kakuryo)
羇(き)旅(りょ), 羈(き)旅(りょ) (kiryo)
彊(きょう)旅(りょ) (kyōryo)
軍(ぐん)旅(りょ) (gunryo)
逆(げき)旅(りょ) (gekiryo)
行(こう)旅(りょ) (kōryo)
戎(じゅう)旅(りょ) (jūryo)
師(し)旅(りょ) (shiryo)
商(しょう)旅(りょ) (shōryo)
振(しん)旅(りょ) (shinryo)
晨(しん)旅(りょ) (shinryo)
征(せい)旅(りょ) (seiryo)
儔旅
賓(ひん)旅(りょ) (hinryo)
船(ふな)旅(たび) (funatabi, “traveling by boat; cruise”)
遊(ゆう)旅(りょ) (yūryo)
盧(ろ)旅(りょ) (roryo)

Etymology 1

More information Kanji in this term ...

Kanji in this term
旅
りょ Grade: 3
kan'on

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From Middle Chinese 旅 (MC ljoX, “a military unit of 500 men; to go [on a sortie; on a trip or journey]”).

Pronunciation

(Tokyo) りょ [ryóꜜ] (Atamadaka – [1])^[4]
IPA^(key): [ɾʲo̞]

Noun

旅(りょ) • (ryo) ^{←りよ (ryo)^?}

in ancient China, a military unit of 500 soldiers
one of the I Ching hexagrams: sojourning (I Ching hexagram interpretation on Wikipedia here)

Prefix

旅(りょ) • (ryo-) ^{←りよ (ryo-)^?}

a trip, a journey, travel

Usage notes

The prefix usage only ever appears in kanji compounds.

Etymology 2

More information Kanji in this term ...

Kanji in this term
旅
たび Grade: 3
kun'yomi

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/tabi₁/ → /tabi/

From Old Japanese.^[5] Appears in the Man'yōshū, completed no earlier than 759 and one of the oldest extant texts in the Japanese language.

May be cognate with 度 (tabi, “the time when something happens”); both terms have the same pitch accent, the same ancient vowel values, and some semantic overlap.

Pronunciation

(Tokyo) たび [tàbíꜜ] (Odaka – [2])^[4]^[6]
IPA^(key): [ta̠bʲi]

Noun

旅(たび) • (tabi) ^{←たび (tabi)^?}

a journey; travel
- 1694, 松尾芭蕉 Matsuo Bashō
  旅(たび)に病(や)んで夢(ゆめ)は枯(かれ)野(の)をかけ廻(めぐ)る。
  Tabi ni yande yume wa kareno o kakemeguru.
  Anxious to go journeying, my dreams run through the desolate fields.
不(ふ)思(し)議(ぎ)な旅(たび)が始(はじ)まるぜ！
Fushigi na tabi ga hajimaru ze!
A strange journey is about to begin!
(archaic) a temporary time spent in a place
(more specifically) a place where a 神輿 (mikoshi, “portable shrine”) spends a temporary time outside of the 本宮 (hongū, “main shrine building”) during a 祭り (matsuri, “festival”)

Verb

旅(たび)する • (tabi suru) ^{←たび (tabi)^?}intransitive suru (stem 旅(たび)し (tabi shi), past 旅(たび)した (tabi shita))

to travel, to go on a journey or trip

Conjugation

More information Katsuyōkei ("stem forms"), Mizenkei ("imperfective") ...

Katsuyōkei ("stem forms")
Mizenkei ("imperfective")	旅し	たびし	tabi shi
Ren’yōkei ("continuative")	旅し	たびし	tabi shi
Shūshikei ("terminal")	旅する	たびする	tabi suru
Rentaikei ("attributive")	旅する	たびする	tabi suru
Kateikei ("hypothetical")	旅すれ	たびすれ	tabi sure
Meireikei ("imperative")	旅せよ¹ 旅しろ²	たびせよ¹ たびしろ²	tabi seyo¹ tabi shiro²
Key constructions
Passive	旅される	たびされる	tabi sareru
Causative	旅させる旅さす	たびさせるたびさす	tabi saseru tabi sasu
Potential	旅できる	たびできる	tabi dekiru
Volitional	旅しよう	たびしよう	tabi shiyō
Negative	旅しない	たびしない	tabi shinai
Negative continuative	旅せず	たびせず	tabi sezu
Formal	旅します	たびします	tabi shimasu
Perfective	旅した	たびした	tabi shita
Conjunctive	旅して	たびして	tabi shite
Hypothetical conditional	旅すれば	たびすれば	tabi sureba
¹ Written imperative ² Spoken imperative

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Conjugation of "旅する" (See Appendix:Japanese verbs.)

References

[1]
白川静 (Shirakawa Shizuka) (2014) “旅”, in 字通 (Jitsū)‎ (in Japanese), popular edition, Tōkyō: Heibonsha, →ISBN
[2]
Haga, Gōtarō (1914) 漢和大辞書 [The Great Kanji-Japanese Dictionary] (in Japanese), Fourth edition, Tōkyō: Kōbunsha, →DOI, page 1042 (paper), page 572 (digital)
[3]
Shōundō Henshūjo, editor (1927), 新漢和辞典 [The New Kanji-Japanese Dictionary] (in Japanese), Ōsaka: Shōundō, →DOI, page 632 (paper), page 329 (digital)
[4]
Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN
[5]
Shōgaku Tosho (1988) 国語大辞典（新装版） [Unabridged Dictionary of Japanese (Revised Edition)] (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Shogakukan, →ISBN
[6]
Yamada, Tadao et al., editors (2011), 新明解国語辞典 [Shin Meikai Kokugo Jiten] (in Japanese), Seventh edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN

Etymology

From Middle Chinese 旅 (MC ljoX). Recorded as Middle Korean 려 (lye) (Yale: lye) in Hunmong Jahoe (訓蒙字會 / 훈몽자회), 1527.

Hanja

Korean Wikisource has texts containing the hanja:

旅

Wikisource 旅 (eumhun 나그네 려 (nageune ryeo), word-initial (South Korea) 나그네 여 (nageune yeo))

hanja form^? of 려/여 (“trip; travel”)

Compounds

여단 (旅團, yeodan)
여객 (旅客, yeogaek)
여관 (旅館, yeogwan)
여비 (旅費, yeobi)
여권 (旅券, yeogwon, “passport”)
여행 (旅行, yeohaeng, “trip; travel”)