夫子

Chinese

		husband; man	child; son; (noun suffix) child; son; (noun suffix); small thing; seed; egg; 1st earthly branch; 11 p.m.–1 a.m., midnight
simp. and trad. (夫子)		夫	子

Pronunciation

Rime
Character	夫	子
Reading #	2/2	1/1
Initial (聲)	幫 (1)	精 (13)
Final (韻)	虞 (24)	之 (19)
Tone (調)	Level (Ø)	Rising (X)
Openness (開合)	Closed	Open
Division (等)	III	III
Fanqie	甫無切	即里切
Baxter	pju	tsiX
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/pɨo/	/t͡sɨX/
Pan Wuyun	/pio/	/t͡sɨX/
Shao Rongfen	/pio/	/t͡sieX/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/puə̆/	/t͡sɨX/
Li Rong	/pio/	/t͡siəX/
Wang Li	/pĭu/	/t͡sĭəX/
Bernhard Karlgren	/pi̯u/	/t͡siX/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	fū	zǐ
Expected Cantonese Reflex	fu1	zi2

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	夫	子
Reading #	1/3	2/2
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	fū	zǐ
Middle Chinese	‹ pju ›	‹ tsiX ›
Old Chinese	/*p(r)a/	/*tsəʔ/
English	man	child; gentleman, master
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	夫	子
Reading #	1/2	1/1
No.	3274	17857
Phonetic component	夫	子
Rime group	魚	之
Rime subdivision	0	0
Corresponding MC rime	跗	子
Old Chinese	/*pa/	/*ʔslɯʔ/

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): fūzǐ

  (Zhuyin): ㄈㄨ ㄗˇ

• Cantonese (Jyutping): fu¹ zi²
• Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ): hu-chír / hu-chú

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• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: fūzǐ
    • Zhuyin: ㄈㄨ ㄗˇ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: fuzǐh
    • Wade–Giles: fu¹-tzŭ³
    • Yale: fū-dž
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: futzyy
    • Palladius: фуцзы (fuczy)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /fu⁵⁵ t͡sz̩²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/
• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺
    • Jyutping: fu¹ zi²
    • Yale: fū jí
    • Cantonese Pinyin: fu¹ dzi²
    • Guangdong Romanization: fu¹ ji²
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /fuː⁵⁵ t͡siː³⁵/
• Southern Min
  • (Hokkien: Quanzhou)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: hu-chír
    • Tâi-lô: hu-tsír
    • IPA (Quanzhou): /hu³³ t͡sɯ⁵⁵⁴/
  • (Hokkien: General Taiwanese, Xiamen, Zhangzhou)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: hu-chú
    • Tâi-lô: hu-tsú
    • Phofsit Daibuun: huzuo
    • IPA (Kaohsiung): /hu⁴⁴⁻³³ t͡su⁴¹/
    • IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou): /hu⁴⁴⁻²² t͡su⁵³/
    • IPA (Taipei): /hu⁴⁴⁻³³ t͡su⁵³/

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• Middle Chinese: pju tsiX

• Old Chinese

  (Baxter–Sagart): /*p(r)a  tsəʔ/

  (Zhengzhang): /*pa  ʔslɯʔ/

Noun

夫子

1. master (term of address for a teacher)

   老夫子  ―  Lǎo Fūzǐ  ―  Old Master Q, literally, “old master” (a Hong Kong manhua by Alfonso Wong)

   • 老聃死，秦失弔之，三號而出。弟子曰：「非夫子之友邪？」曰：「然。」 [Classical Chinese, trad.]
     老聃死，秦失吊之，三号而出。弟子曰：「非夫子之友邪？」曰：「然。」 [Classical Chinese, simp.]

     From: Zhuangzi, circa 3^rd – 2^nd centuries BCE, translated based on James Legge's version

     Lǎodān sǐ, Qín Shī diào zhī, sān hào ér chū. Dìzǐ yuē: “Fēi fūzǐ zhī yǒu yé?” Yuē: “Rán.” [Pinyin]

     When Lao Dan died, Qin Shi went to condole (with his son), but after crying out three times, he came out. The disciples said to him, 'Were you not a friend of the Master?' 'I was,' he replied.

Proper noun

夫子

1. Confucius

   • 子禽問於子貢曰：「夫子至於是邦也，必聞其政，求之與？抑與之與？」子貢曰：「夫子溫、良、恭、儉、讓以得之。夫子之求之也，其諸異乎人之求之與？」 [Classical Chinese, trad.]
     子禽问于子贡曰：「夫子至于是邦也，必闻其政，求之与？抑与之与？」子贡曰：「夫子温、良、恭、俭、让以得之。夫子之求之也，其诸异乎人之求之与？」 [Classical Chinese, simp.]

     From: The Analects of Confucius, c. 475 – 221 BCE

     Zǐqín wèn yú zǐgòng yuē: “Fūzǐ zhì yúshì bāng yě, bì wén qí zhèng, qiú zhī yǔ? Yì yǔ zhī yǔ?” Zǐgòng yuē: “Fūzǐ wēn, liáng, gōng, jiǎn, ràng yǐ dé zhī. Fūzǐ zhī qiúzhī yě, qí zhū yì hū rén zhī qiúzhī yú?” [Pinyin]

     Zi Qin asked Zi Gong, saying, "When our master comes to any country, he does not fail to learn all about its government. Does he ask his information? or is it given to him?" Zi Gong said, "Our master is benign, upright, courteous, temperate, and complaisant and thus he gets his information. The master’s mode of asking information! - is it not different from that of other men?"

Synonyms

edit

• 仲尼 (Zhòngní)
• 先師 / 先师 (xiānshī)
• 先聖 / 先圣 (xiānshèng)
• 孔 (kǒng)
• 孔丘 (Kǒng Qiū)
• 孔夫子 (Kǒng Fūzǐ)
• 孔子 (Kǒngzǐ)
• 孔子公 (Hokkien)
• 素王 (sùwáng)

Derived terms

• 夫子廟 / 夫子庙 (fūzǐmiào)

Descendants

Sino-Xenic (夫子):

• → Japanese: 夫(ふう)子(し) (fūshi)

Japanese

Kanji in this term
夫	子
ふう Grade: 4	し Grade: 1
on'yomi

Pronunciation

• (Tokyo) ふうし [fúꜜùshì] (Atamadaka – [1])^[1][2][3]
• IPA^(key): [ɸɯ̟ːɕi]

Noun

夫(ふう)子(し) • (fūshi) 

1. master (term of address for a teacher)
2. Confucius

References

1. Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN
2. NHK Broadcasting Culture Research Institute, editor (1998), NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 [NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary] (in Japanese), Tokyo: NHK Publishing, Inc., →ISBN
3. Kindaichi, Kyōsuke et al., editors (1997), 新明解国語辞典 [Shin Meikai Kokugo Jiten] (in Japanese), Fifth edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN